Saling Berbagi Kajian Agama Islam

1) The deen (religion) of Islaam: It is the way of life that Allaah sent the Prophet Muhammad (sal-Allaahu `alayhe wa sallam) with. By it, Allaah terminated the validity of all other religions, perfected this religion for His worshippers, completed His favour upon them and has chosen only this religion for them - no other religion will be accepted by Him from anyone. Allaah (Subhaanahu wa Ta'aala) said:

{Muhammad is not the father of any man amongst you. Rather he is the Messenger of Allaah and the khaatim (last and final) of the Prophets}, [Soorah al-Ahzaab, Aayah 40]

{This day have I perfected your religion for you, completed My favour upon you, and have chosen for you Islaam as your religion}, [Soorah al-Maa.idah, Aayah 3]

{Indeed the religion with Allaah is Islaam}, [Soorah Aal-'lmraan, Aayah 19]

{Whosoever seeks a religion other than Islaam, never will it be accepted from him, and in the Hereafter he will be one of the losers}, [Soorah Aal-'Imraan, Aayah 85]

And Allaah (Subhaanahu wa Ta'aala) obligated all of mankind to take Islaam as their religion. So Allaah said, whilst addressing His Messenger (sal-Allaahu `alayhe wa sallam):

{Say: O mankind! Indeed I have been sent to you all as the Messenger of Allaah; to Whom belongs the dominion of the heavens and the earth. None has the right to be worshipped except Him; it is He who gives life and causes death. So believe in Allaah and His Messenger - the Prophet who can neither read nor write - who believes in Allaah and His Words. So follow the Messenger of Allaah so that you may be rightly-guided}, [Soorah al-A'raaf Aayah 158]

And in Saheeh Muslim (1/93), from Abu Hurayrah radhi-yallaahu 'anhu that Allaah's Messenger (sal-Allaahu `alayhe wa sallam) said:

((By Him in whose Hand is the life of Muhammad! There is no one from this nation, be he a Jew or a Christian, who hears of me and then dies without believing in the Message that I was sent with, except that he will be one of the Companions of the Hellfire)).

And eemaan (faith) in the Prophet implies: affirming that which he was sent with, along with acceptance of it and submission to it. Without these two matters, mere affirmation is not sufficient. This is why even though Abu Taalib (the Prophet's uncle) affirmed what was sent to the Prophet Muhammad (sal-Allaahu `alayhe wa sallam) and that Islaam was the best of religions, yet he did not accept his message nor submit to it; and thus he did not have eemaan, in the Prophet (sal-Allaahu `alayhe wa sallam).

2) The religion of Islaam contains all that was beneficial from the previous religions. It is suitable for implementation in any age, anywhere and by any nation. Allaah (Subhaanahu wa Ta'aala) said, whilst addressing His Messenger (sal-Allaahu `alayhe wa sallam):

{And We have sent down to you the Book in truth, confirming the Scripture that came before it> testifying to the truth contained therein whilst exposing the falsehood that has been added therein}, [Soorah al-Maa.idah, Aayah 48]

That Islaam is suitable for implementation in any age, anywhere and by any nation does not mean that it becomes submissive to nations - being altered and changed by them - as some people falsely think. But rather it means that whenever it is truly adhered to then it brings benefit and goodness to that nation, as well as reforming and correcting it - in whatever age or place.

3) The religion of Islaam is the religion of truth. It is the way of life that Allaah (Subhaanahu wa Ta'aala) guaranteed His help and victory for those who truly adhere to it, and that He would make it dominant over all other religions.

Allaah (Subhaanahu wa Ta'aala) said:

{It is He who has sent His Messenger with the guidance and the religion of truth, that it may prevail over all other religions, even if the pagans detest it}, [Soorah at-Tawbah, Aayah 33]
And Allaah (Subhaanahu wa Ta'aala) said:

{Allaah has promised to those amongst you who truly have eemaan (true faith and belief) and act in obedience to Allaah and His Messenger, that He will grant them rulership upon the earth, just as He granted it to those before them, and that He will establish their Religion for them and grant them the authority to practice their Religion which He chose and ordered them with. And He will certainly change their situation to one of security, after their fear. Providing that they worship and obey Me, not associating anything else in worship with Me. Then, whoever rejects this favour by disobedience to their Lord - then they are the rebellious transgressors}, [Soorah an-Noor, Aayah 55]

4) The religion of Islaam is a complete religion comprising both 'aqeedah (beliefs) and Sharee'ah (laws).

It commands them with tawheed (to single out Allaah alone for worship) and prohibits them from shirk (associating partners with Allaah in that which is particular to Him).

• It commands them with being truthful and prohibits them from lying.

• It commands them with 'adl (justice) and prohibits them from injustice and oppression.

• It commands them with fulfilling trusts and prohibits them from acting treacherously.

• It commands them with keeping promises and prohibits them from breaking them.

• It commands them with kindness and good treatment of parents and prohibits them from disobedience to them in that which is not sinful.

• It commands them with joining the ties of relations and prohibits them from severing them.

• It commands them with good treatment of neighbours and prohibits the causing of harm to them.

In short, Islaam orders all that is good, from manners and morals, and prohibits all that is evil from it.

Likewise, it orders all actions which are righteous and good and prohibits all actions that are evil and harmful.

Allaah (Subhaanahu wa Ta'aala) said:

{Indeed Allaah enjoins upon you justice, kindness and the giving of good to relatives and near ones. And He prohibits you from all shameful and evil deeds, oppression and transgression. Thus He admonishes you, that you may take heed and be reminded}, [Soorah an-Nahl, Aayah 90].


Shaykh Ibn 'Uthaymeen
Sharh Usool al-Eemaan - Pages 4-7

Read More! (Baca Lebih Lengkap)

The word "Islaam" is an Arabic word that means "submitting and surrendering your will to Almighty God".

The word comes from the same root as the Arabic word "salam", which means peace.

Unlike the names used for other religions, such as Buddhism, Hinduism and Christianity, the name for the religion of Islaam was both revealed by God and carries a deep spritual meaning - only by submitting one's will to Almighty God can one obtain true peace both in this life and in the life hereafter. Islaam teaches that all religions originally had the same essential message - which was to submit whole-heartedly to the will of God and to worship Him and Him alone.

For this reason, Islaam is not a new religion but is the same divinely revealed Ultimate Truth that God revealed to all prophets, including Noah, Abraham, Moses and Jesus.


..........
Prepared by: Abu 'Iyaad


Read More! (Baca Lebih Lengkap)

The Arabic word "Muslim" literally means "someone who submits to the will of God".

The message of Islaam is meant for the entire world and anyone who accepts this message becomes a Muslim.

Some people mistakenly believe that Islaam is just a religion for Arabs, but nothing could be further from the truth, since in actuality over 80% of the world's Muslims are not Arabs! Even though most Arabs are Muslims, there are Arabs who are Christians, Jews and atheists.

If one just takes a look at the various peoples who live in the Muslim World - from Nigeria to Bosnia and from Morocco to Indonesia - it is easy enough to see that Muslims come from all different races, ethnic groups and nationalities.

From the very beginning, Islaam had a universal message for all people. This can be seen in the fact that some of the early companions of the Prophet Muhammad were not only Arabs, but also Persians, Africans and Byzantine Romans. Being a Muslim entails complete acceptance and active obedience to the revealed will of Almighty God.

A Muslim is a person who freely accepts to base his beliefs, values and faith on the will of Almighty God. In the past, even though you don't see it as much today, the word "Mohammedans" was often used as a label for Muslims. This label is a misnomer and is the result of either wilful distortion or sheer ignorance. One of the reasons for the misconception is that Europeans were taught for centuries that Muslims worshipped the Prophet Muhammad in the same way that Christians worship Jesus. This is absolutely not true since a Muslim is not permitted to worship anyone or anything besides Almighty God.


..........
Prepared by: Abu 'Iyaad


Read More! (Baca Lebih Lengkap)

Very often one will here the Arabic word "Allaah" being used in regards to Islaam.

The word "Allaah" is simply the Arabic word for Almighty God, and is the same word used by Arabic speaking Christians and Jews.

If one were to pick up an Arabic translation of the Bible, one would see the word "Allaah" being use where the word "God" is used in English. Actually, the Arabic word for Almighty God, "Allaah", is quite similar to the word for God in other Semitic languages - for example, the Hebrew word for God is "Elah".

For various reasons, some non-Muslims mistakenly believe that Muslims worship a different God than Jews and Christians. This is certainly not the case, since the Pure Monotheism of Islaam calls all people to the worship of the God of Noah, Abraham, Moses, Jesus and all of the other prophets. However, even though Jews, Christians and Muslims worship the same God -since there is only one God - their concepts concerning Him differ in some significant ways.


..........
Prepared by: Abu 'Iyaad


Read More! (Baca Lebih Lengkap)

The last and final prophet that God sent to humanity was the Prophet Muhammad.

Muhammad explained, interpreted and lived the teachings of Islaam.

The Prophet Muhammad is the greatest of all prophets for many reasons, but mainly because the results of his mission have brought more people into the pure belief in One God than any other prophet.

Even though other religious communities claimed to believe in One God, over time they had corrupted their beliefs by taking their prophets and saints as intercessors with Almighty God.

Some religions believe their prophets to be manifestations of God, "God Incarnate" or the "Son of God". All of these false ideas lead to the creature being worshipped instead of the Creator, which contributed to the idolatrous practice of believing that Almighty God can be approached through intermediaries. In order to guard against these falsehoods, the Prophet Muhammad always emphasised that he was only a human-being tasked with the preaching of God's message. He taught Muslims to refer to him as "the Messenger of God and His Slave".

To Muslims, Muhammad is the supreme example for all people - he was the exemplary prophet, statesman, military leader, ruler, teacher, neighbour, husband, father and friend. Unlike other prophets and messengers, the Prophet Muhammad lived in the full light of history. Muslims don't need to have "faith" that he existed and that his teachings are preserved - they know it to be a fact. Even when his followers only numbered a few dozen, Almighty God informed Muhammad that he had be sent as a mercy to all of mankind. Because people had distorted or forgotten God's messages, God took it upon Himself to protect the message revealed to Muhammad. This was because Almighty God promised not to send another messenger after him.

Since all of God's messengers have preached the message of Islaam - i.e. submission to the will of God and the worship of God alone - Muhammad is actually the last prophet of Islaam, not the first.


..........
Prepared by: Abu 'Iyaad


Read More! (Baca Lebih Lengkap)

The foundation of the Islaamic faith is belief in the Unity of God.

This means to believe that there is only one Creator and Sustainer of everything in the Universe, and that nothing is divine or worthy of being worshipped except for Him.

Truly believing in the Unity of God means much more than simply believing that there is "One God" - as opposed to two, three or four.

There are a number of religions that claim belief in "One God" and believe that ultimately there is only one Creator and Sustainer of the Universe. Islaam, however, not only insists on this, but also rejects using such words as "Lord" and "Saviour" for anyone besides Almighty God. Islaam also rejects the use of all intermediaries between God and Man, and insists that people approach God directly and reserve all worship for Him alone. Muslims believe that Almighty God is Compassionate, Loving and Merciful.

The essence of falsehood is the claim that God cannot deal with and forgive His creatures directly. By over-emphasising the burden of sin, as well as claiming that God cannot forgive you directly, false religions seek to get people to despair of the Mercy of God. Once they are convinced that they cannot approach God directly, people can be mislead into turning to false gods for help. These "false gods" can take various forms, such as saints, angels, or someone who is believed to be the "Son of God" or "God Incarnate". In almost all cases, people who worship, pray to or seek help from a false god don't consider it to be, or call it, a "god". They claim belief in One Supreme God, but claim that they pray to and worship others beside God only to get closer to Him. In Islaam, there is a clear distinction between the Creator and the created. There is no ambiguity in divinity - anything that is created is not deserving of worship and only the Creator is worthy of being worshipped. Some religions falsely believe that God has become part of His creation, and this has led people to believe that they can worship something created in order to reach their Creator.

Muslims believe that even though God is Unique and beyond comprehension - He has no "Son", partners or associates. According to Muslim belief, Almighty God "does not beget nor was He begotten" - neither literally, allegorically, metaphorically, physically or metaphysically - He is Absolutely Unique and Eternal. He is in control of everything and is perfectly capable of bestowing His infinite Mercy and Forgiveness to whomever He chooses. That is why is called the All-Powerful and Most-Merciful. Almighty God has created the Universe for man, and as such wants the best for all human beings. Muslims see everything in the Universe as a sign of the Creatorship and Benevolence of Almighty God. Also, the belief in the Unity of God is not merely a metaphysical concept. It is a dynamic belief that effects ones view of humanity, society and all aspects of life. As a logical corollary to the Islaamic belief in the Oneness of God, is its belief in the oneness of mankind and humanity.


Read More! (Baca Lebih Lengkap)

It is the final revelation of the will of Almighty God's to all of mankind, which was conveyed through the Angel Gabriel, in Arabic, to the Prophet Muhammad in its sounds, words and meanings.

The Qur'aan, sometimes spelled Koran, was relayed to the Prophet's companions, which they memorised verbatim, and which has been publicly and continually recited by them and their successors until the present day. In short, the Qur'aan is the book of guidance from God par excellence. The Qur'aan is still memorised and taught by millions of people.

The language of the Qur'aan, Arabic, is still a living language to millions of people, so unlike the scriptures of other religions, the Qur'aan is still read in its original language by countless millions of people. The Qu'raan is a living miracle in the Arabic language; and is known to be inimitable in its style, form and spiritual impact. God's final revelation to mankind, the Qur'aan, was revealed to the Prophet Muhammad over a period of 23 years. The Qur'aan, in contrast to many other religious books, was always thought to be the Word of God by those who believed in it, i.e. it wasn't something decreed by a religious council many years after being written. Also, the Qu'raan was recited publicly in front of both the Muslim and non-Muslim communities during the life of the Prophet Muhammad.

The entire Qur'aan was completely written down in the lifetime of the Prophet, and numerous companions of the Prophet memorised the entire Qur'aan word-for-word as it was revealed. So unlike other scriptures, the Qur'aan was always in the hands of the common believers, it was always thought to be God's word and, due to wide-spread memorisation, it was perfectly preserved.

In regards to the teachings of the Qur'aan - it is a universal scripture, and it is addressed to all of mankind, and not to a particular tribe or "chosen people". The message that it brings is nothing new, but the same message of all of the prophets - submit to Almighty God and worship Him alone. As such, God's revelation in the Qur'aan focuses on teaching human beings the importance of believing in the Unity of God and framing their lives around the guidance which He has sent. Additionally, the Qur'aan contains the stories of the previous prophets, such as Abraham, Noah, Moses and Jesus; as well as many commands and prohibitions from God. In modern times in which so many people are caught up in doubt, spiritual despair and "political correctness", the Qur'aanic teachings offer solutions to the emptiness of our lives and the turmoil that is gripping the world today.


..........
Prepared by: Abu 'Iyaad


Read More! (Baca Lebih Lengkap)

In the Holy Qur'aan, God teaches human beings that they were created in order to worship Him, and that the basis of all true worship is God-consciousness.

Since the teachings of Islaamic encompass all aspects of life and ethics, God-consciousness is encouraged in all human affairs. Islaam makes it clear that all human acts are acts of worship if they are done for God alone and in accordance to His Divine Law. As such, worship in Islaam is not limited to religious rituals.

The teachings of Islaam act as a mercy and a healing for the human soul, and such qualities as humility, sincerity, patience and charity are strongly encouraged. Additionally, Islaam condemns pride and self-righteousness, since Almighty God is the only judge of human righteousness.

The Islaamic view of the nature of man is also realistic and well-balanced. Human beings are not believed to be inherently sinful, but are seen as equally capable of both good and evil. Islaam also teaches that faith and action go hand-in-hand.
God has given people free-will, and the measure of one's faith is one's deeds and actions. However, human beings have also been created weak and regularly fall into sin. This is the nature of the human being as created by God in His Wisdom, and it is not inherently "corrupt" or in need of repair. This is because the avenue of repentance of always open to all human beings, and Almighty God loves the repentant sinner more than one who does not sin at all. The true balance of an Islaamic life is established by having a healthy fear of God as well as a sincere belief in His infinite Mercy.

A life without fear of God leads to sin and disobedience, while believing that we have sinned so much that God will not possibly forgive us only leads to despair. In light of this, Islaam teaches that: only the misguided despair of the Mercy of their Lord. Additionally, the Holy Qur'aan, which was revealed to the Prophet Muhammad, contains a great deal of teachings about the life hereafter and the Day of Judgement. Due to this, Muslims believe that all human beings will ultimately be judged by God for their beliefs and actions in their earthly lives. In judging human beings, Almighty God will be both Merciful and Just, and people will only be judged for what they were capable of. Suffice it to say that Islaam teaches that life is a test, and that all human beings will be accountable before God. A sincere belief in the life hereafter is key to leading a well-balanced life and moral. Otherwise, life is viewed as an end in itself, which causes human beings to become more selfish, materialistic and immoral.


..........
Prepared by: Abu 'Iyaad


Read More! (Baca Lebih Lengkap)

In recent years, a great deal of attention in the media have been given to the threat of "Islaamic Fundamentalism". Unfortunately, due to a twisted mixture of biased reporting in the Western media and the actions of some ignorant Muslims, the word "Islaam" has become almost synonymous with "terrorism". However, when one analyses the situation, the question that should come to mind is:

Do the teachings of Islaam encourage terrorism?

The answer: Certainly not!

Islaam totally forbids the terrorist acts that are carried out by some misguided people. It should be remembered that all religions have cults and misguided followers, so it is their teachings that should be looked at, not the actions of a few individuals. Unfortunately, in the media, whenever a Muslim commits a heinous act, he is labeled a "Muslim terrorist".

However, when Serbs murder and rape innocent women in Bosnia, they are not called "Christian terrorists", nor are the activities in Northern Ireland labeled "Christian terrorism". Also, when right-wing Christians in the U. S. bomb abortion clinics, they are not called "Christian terrorists". Reflecting on these facts, one could certainly conclude that there is a double-standard in the media! Although religious feelings play a significant role in the previously mentioned "Christian" conflicts, the media does not apply religious labels because they assume that such barbarous acts have nothing to do with the teachings of Christianity. However, when something happens involving a Muslim, they often try to put the blame on Islaam itself - and not the misguided individual.

Certainly, Islaamic Law (Sharee'ah) allows war - any religion or civilisation that did not would never survive - but it certainly does not condone attacks against innocent people, women or children. The Arabic word "jihaad", which is often translated as "Holy War", simply means "to struggle". The word for "war" in Arabic is "harb", not "jihaad". "Struggling", i.e. "making jihaad", to defend Islaam, Muslims or to liberate a land where Muslims are oppressed is certainly allowed (and even encouraged) in Islaam.

However, any such activities must be done according to the teachings of Islaam. Islaam also clearly forbids "taking the law into your own hands", which means that individual Muslims cannot go around deciding who they want to kill, punish or torture.

Trial and punishment must be carried out by a lawful authority and a knowledgeable judge. Also, when looking at events in the Muslim World, it should be kept in mind that a long period of colonialism ended fairly recently in most Muslim countries. During this time, the people in these countries were culturally, materially and religiously exploited - mostly by the so-called "Christian" nations of the West. This painful period has not really come to an end in many Muslim countries, where people are still under the control of foreign powers or puppet regimes supported by foreign powers.

Also, through the media, people in the West are made to believe that tyrants like Saddam Hussein in Iraq and Moamar Qaddafi in Libya are "Islaamic" leaders - when just the opposite is true. Neither of these rulers even profess Islaam as an ideology, but only use Islaamic slogans to manipulate their powerless populations. They have about as much to do with Islaam as Hitler had to do with Christianity! In reality, many Middle Eastern regimes which people think of as being "Islaamic" oppress the practice of Islaam in their countries. So suffice it to say that "terrorism" and killing innocent people directly contradicts the teachings of Islaam.


..........
Prepared by: Abu 'Iyaad


Read More! (Baca Lebih Lengkap)

First of all, there is only One God who created the Universe and all of mankind.

Throughout history, people have created false gods in their minds and come up with false ideas about Almighty God, but regardless of this there is still only One True God - and He alone is worthy of worship. Unfortunately, some non-Muslims have come to incorrectly believe that Muslims worship a different God than Jews and Christians. This might be due to the fact that Muslims sometimes refer to God as "Allaah", but also because over the centuries there have been many lies and distortions spread by the enemies of Islaam. In actuality, Muslims worship the God of Noah, Abraham, Moses and Jesus --- the same God as Christians and Jews.

The word "Allaah" is simply the Arabic word for Almighty God and it is the same word that Arabic speaking Christians and Jews use to refer to God. If you pick up an Arabic translation of the Christian Bible, you will see the word "Allaah" where "God" is used in English. For more information on the word "Allaah", please refer to the article: Who is Allaah? But even though Muslims, Jews and Christians believe in the same God, their concepts about Him differ quite a bit. For example, Muslims reject the idea of the Trinity or that God has become "incarnate" in the world. Also, the teachings of Islaam do not rely on or appeal to "mystery" or "paradox", they are straightforward and clear.

Islaam teaches that God is Merciful, Loving and Compassionate and that He has no need to become man (nor do humans need for Him to). One of the unique aspects of Islaam is that it teaches that man can have a personal and fulfilling relationship with Almighty God without compromising the transcendence of God. In Islaam there is no ambiguity in Divinity, God is God and man is man. Muslims believe that God is the "Most Merciful", and that he deals directly with human-beings without the need of any intermediary. Actually, the phrase "In the Name of God, the Compassionate, the Merciful" is one of the most repeated verses in the Holy Qur.aan. Additionally, the pure and straightforward teachings of Islaam demand that Almighty God be approached directly and without intermediaries. This is because Muslims believe that God is completely in control of everything and that He can bestow His Grace and Mercy on His creatures as He pleases - no Atonement, Incarnation or blood sacrifice is necessary. In summary, Islaam calls people to submit to the One True God and to worship Him alone without any partners.


..........
Prepared by: Abu 'Iyaad


Read More! (Baca Lebih Lengkap)

According to Islaamic belief, the Prophet Muhammad was the last Messenger of God.

He, like all of God's prophets and messengers - such as Noah, Abraham, Moses and Jesus -- was only a human being.

Christians came to the mistaken assumption that Muslims worship Muhammad by formulating an incorrect analogy - they worship Jesus so they assumed Muslims worship Muhammad. This is one of the reasons that they called Muslims by the incorrect name "Mohammedans" for so many years!

Muhammad, like Jesus, never claimed divine status. He called people to worship only Almighty God, and he continually emphasised his humanity so that people would not fall into the same errors as Christians did in regards to Jesus. In order to prevent his deification (being referred to as a god worthy of worship), the Prophet Muhammad always said to refer to him as "the Messenger of God and His slave".

Muhammad was chosen to be God's final messenger, to communicate the message not only in words but to be a living example of the message. Muslims love and respect him because he was of the highest moral character and he brought the Truth from God - which is the Pure Monotheism of Islaam. Even when Islaam was in its very early stages, God revealed that Muhammad "was sent as a mercy to all of mankind" - thus informing us that the message of Islaam would become very widespread. Muslims strive to follow the great example of Muhammad, peace be upon him, but they do not worship him in any way.

Additionally, Islaam teaches Muslims to respect all of God's prophets and messengers - but respecting and loving them does not mean worshipping them. All true Muslims realize that all worship and prayer must be directed to Almighty God alone. Suffice it to say that worshipping Muhammad, or anyone else, along with Almighty God is considered to be the worst sin in Islaam. Even if a person claims to be Muslim, but they worship and pray to other than Almighty God, this cancels and nullifies their Islaam. The Declaration of Faith of Islaam makes it clear that Muslims are taught only to worship God.

This declaration is as follows: "There is nothing divine or worthy of being worshipped except for Almighty God, and Muhammad is the Messenger and Servant of God".


..........
Prepared by: Abu 'Iyaad


Read More! (Baca Lebih Lengkap)

The fastest way to prove that this is completely false is to state the fact that only about 15% to 20% of the Muslims in the world are Arabs.
There are more Indian Muslims than Arab Muslims, and more Indonesian Muslims than Indian Muslims!

Believing that Islaam is only a religion for Arabs is a myth that was spread by the enemies of Islaam early in its history. This mistaken assumption is possibly based on the fact that most of the first generation of Muslims were Arabs, the Qur.aan is in Arabic and the Prophet Muhammad was an Arab. However, both the teachings of Islaam and the history of its spread show that the early Muslims made every effort to spread their message of Truth to all nations, races and peoples.

Furthermore, it should be clarified that not all Arabs are Muslims and not all Muslims are Arabs. An Arab can be a Muslim, Christian, Jew, atheist - or of any other religion or ideology. Also, many countries that some people consider to be "Arab" are not "Arab" at all, such as Turkey and Iran (Persia). The people who live in these countries speak languages other than Arabic as their native tongues and are of a different ethnic heritage than the Arabs.

It is important to realise that from the very beginning of the mission of Prophet Muhammad, peace be upon him, his followers came from a wide spectrum of individuals; there was Bilaal - the African slave; Suhayb - the Byzantine Roman; Ibn Saylam - the Jewish Rabbi; and Salmaan - the Persian.

Since religious truth is eternal and unchanging, and mankind is one universal brotherhood, Islaam teaches that Almighty God's revelations to mankind have always been consistent, clear and universal. The Truth of Islaam is meant for all people regardless of race, nationality or linguistic background. Taking a look at the Muslim World, from Nigeria to Bosnia and from Malaysia to Afghanistan is enough to prove that Islaam is a Universal message for all of mankind, not to mention the fact that significant numbers of Europeans and Americans of all races and ethnic backgrounds are entering the fold of Islaam.



..........
Prepared by: Abu 'Iyaad


Read More! (Baca Lebih Lengkap)

Even though many aspects of Islaam are misunderstood by non-Muslims, the ignorance, misinformation and incorrect assumptions that are made in regards to Islaam's treatment of women are probably the most severe.

Numerous verses of the Qur.aan make it clear that men and women are equal in the sight of God. According to the teachings of Islaam, the only thing that distinguishes people in the sight of God is their level of God-consciousness. Due to this, many people are surprised to find out that Islaamic Law guaranteed rights to women over 1400 years ago and that women in Europe and America only obtained their rights recently. For example, Islaam clearly teaches that a woman is a full-person under the law, and is the spiritual equal of a male. Also, according to Islaamic Law, women have the right to own property, operate a business and receive equal pay for equal work. Women are allowed total control of their wealth, they cannot be married against their will and they are allowed to keep their own name when married.

Additionally, they have the right to inherit property and to have their marriage dissolved in the case of neglect or mistreatment. Also, Islaam does not consider a woman an "evil temptress", and thus does not blame women for the "original sin". Women in Islaam participate in all forms of worship that men participate in. Actually, the rights that Islaam gave to women over 1400 years ago were almost unheard of in the West until the 1900's.

Less than fifty years ago in England and America, a woman could not buy a house or car without the co-signature of her father or husband! Additionally, Islaam gives great respect to women and their role in society; it gives them the right to own property, marry who they want and many other rights. Also, it should be mentioned that the Prophet Muhammad's mission stopped many of the horrible practices in regards to women that were present in the society of his time. For example, the Qur.aan put an end to the pagan Arab practice of killing their baby daughters when they were born.

Additionally, Islaam put restrictions on the unrestricted polygamy of the Arabs of the time, and put many laws in place to protect the well-being of women. Today, most of the so-called reforms in the status of women came about after the West abandoned religion for secularism. Even those in the West who claim to follow the so-called "Judaeo-Christian tradition" really follow the values of Western liberalism, but just to a lesser degree than their more liberal countrymen.

If women in the Muslim World today don't have their rights, it is not because Islaam did not give them to them. The problem is that in many places alien traditions have come to overshadow the teachings of Islaam, either through ignorance or the impact of Colonialisation.



..........
Prepared by: Abu 'Iyaad


Read More! (Baca Lebih Lengkap)

In addressing this misconception, it is interesting to note that no other religious scripture claims to be the direct word of Almighty God in total and as clear and as often as the Holy Qur.aan.

As the Qur.aan clearly says: "if had been written by man, you would have found many discrepancies therein".

At the time the Qur.aan was revealed, the Arabs recognised that the language of the Qur.aan was unique and that it was distinctly different from the language normally used by the Prophet Muhammad, peace be upon him. The Arabs of that time, by the way, were known for their beautiful poetry and Muhammad was known to be an illiterate man!

The Qur.aan clearly says that Muhammad was unable to read and write, so if this wasn't true, certainly his contemporaries would have protested and rejected him. However, there are no reports of this. Certainly there were people who rejected Muhammad's message, just like other prophets were rejected, but none for this reason. On the contrary, Muhammad, peace be upon him, had thousands of loyal followers and the results of their efforts spread Islaam from Spain to China in just over a century!

It is also interesting to note that even though the Qur.aan is not poetry, the Arabs more or less gave up writing poetry after it was revealed. It could be said that the Qur.aan is the piece of Arabic literature par execellance, and Muhammad's contemporaries realised that they couldn't out do it.

Additionally, it is easy to prove that Muhammad did not possess a great deal of the knowledge which is expounded in the Qur.aan: such as knowledge of historical events, previous prophets and natural phenomenon. The Qur.aan says in several places that Muhammad and his people did not know these things, so again, if this wasn't true, certainly his contemporaries would have rejected his claims. Suffice it to say that not only is the Qur.aan the most memorised and well preserved scripture on earth, it is also unequalled in eloquence, spirtual impact, clarity of message and the purity of its truth.


..........
Prepared by: Abu 'Iyaad


Read More! (Baca Lebih Lengkap)

Many non-Muslims, when they think about Islaam, picture religious fanatics on camels with a sword in one hand and a Qur.aan in the other.

This myth, which was made popular in Europe during the Crusades, is totally baseless.

First of all, the Holy Qur.aan clearly says "Let there be no compulsion in religion".

In addition to this, Islaam teaches that a person's faith must be pure and sincere, so it is certainly not something that can be forced on someone. In debunking the myth that Islaam was "spread by the sword", the (non-Muslim) historian De Lacy O' Leary wrote: "History makes it clear, however, that the legend of fanatical Muslims sweeping through the world and forcing Islaam at the point of the sword upon conquered races is one of the most fantastically absurd myths that historians have ever accepted." (Islaam at the Crossroads, London, 1923, p. 8.).

It should also be known that Muslims ruled Spain for roughly 800 years. During this time, and up to when they were finally forced out, the non-Muslims there were alive and flourishing. Additionally, Christian and Jewish minorities have survived in the Muslim lands of the Middle East for centuries. Countries such as Egypt, Morocco, Palestine, Lebanon, Syria and Jordan all have Christian and/or Jewish populations. If Islaam taught that all people are supposed to be killed or forced to become Muslims, how did all of these non-Muslims survive for so long in the middle of the Islaamic Empire?

Additionally, if one considers the small number of Muslims who initially spread Islaam from Spain and Morocco in the West to India and China in the East, one would realise that they were far too few to force people to become converts of a religion against their will. Additionally, the great empire and civilisation established by the Muslims had great staying power, its citizens were proud to be part of it.

The spread of Islaam stands in contrast to the actions of the followers of Christianity, who since the time of the Emperor Constantine have made liberal use of the sword - often basing their conduct on Biblical verses. This was especially true of the colonisation of South America and Africa, where native peoples were systematically wiped-out or forced to convert. It is also interesting to note that when the Mongols invaded and conquered large portions of the Islaamic Empire, instead of destroying the religion, they adopted it. This is a unique occurrence in history - the conquerors adopting the religion of the conquered! Since they were the victors, they certainly could not have been forced to become Muslims! Ask any of the over one billion Muslims alive in the world today whether they were forced! The largest Muslim country in the world today is Indonesia -- and there were never any battles fought there! So where was the sword? How could someone be forced to adhere to a spiritually rewarding and demanding religion like Islaam?


..........
Prepared by: Abu 'Iyaad



Read More! (Baca Lebih Lengkap)

Many non-Muslims are surprised to find out that according to Muslim belief, Jesus, the son of Mary, is one of the greatest messengers of God.

Muslims are taught to love Jesus, and a person cannot be a Muslim without believing in the virgin birth and miracles of Jesus Christ, peace be upon him.

Muslims believe these things about Jesus not because of the Bible or any other religion, but simply because the Holy Qur.aan says these things about him. However, Muslims always emphasise that the miracles of Jesus, and all other prophets, were by "God's permission". This having been said, many Christians feel to not believe that Jesus is the "Son of God", "God Incarnate" or the "Third Person" of the Trinity. This is because the Qur.aan clearly says that Almighty God does not have a "Son" --- neither allegorically, physically, metaphorically or metaphysically.

The Pure Monotheism of Islaam rejects the notion of "defining" God (which is basically what the "Doctrine of the Trinity" does), saying that someone is "like" God or equal to him, or praying to someone else besides God. Also, Islaam teaches that titles such as "Lord" and "Saviour" are due to God alone.

In order to avoid misunderstanding, it should be clarified that when Muslims criticise the Bible or the teachings of Christianity, they are not attacking "God's Word" or Jesus Christ, peace be upon him. From the Muslim point of view, they are defending Jesus and God's Word, which they have in the form of the Qur.aan. Muslim criticism is targeted at writings that some people claim are God's word, but Muslim's simply don't accept their claim that they are really God's word.

Additionally, Christian doctrines such as the Trinity and the Atonement are criticised by Muslims precisely because they did not originate from Jesus, peace be upon him. In this way, Muslims are the true followers of Jesus, peace be upon him, because they defend him from the exaggerations of the Christians and teach the Pure Monotheism that Jesus himself followed.


..........
Prepared by: Abu 'Iyaad


Read More! (Baca Lebih Lengkap)

Most Muslims find it rather odd that their religion, which strikes a beautiful balance between faith and action, could be accused of being "fatalistic".

Perhaps this misconception came about because Muslims are taught to say "Praise be to God!" whenever anything good or bad happens. This is because Muslims know that everything comes from Almighty God, who is the All-Knowing Sustainer of the Universe, and that since a Muslim should rely completely on God, whatever happened must have been for the better. However, this does not mean that Muslims are not taught to take action in life, quite simply the opposite is true.

Islaam requires not only faith, but action -- such as regular prayer, fasting and charity. To be more precise, in Islaam actions are part of one's faith. Islaam totally rejects the extreme beliefs of some religions that teach that you shouldn't go to a doctor when sick, but only pray for God to heal you. Islaam's outlook is very positive, since it teaches that human beings can take positive action in this life. This was certainly what was taught by Prophet Muhammad, peace be upon him, to his followers - since they obviously took the action of spreading Islaam from Spain to Morocco in a very short period of time.

Even though Islaam teaches that God knows what human beings will do before they do it, human beings still have free will.

Certainly God, who is All-Knowing and All-Wise, knows what is going to happen to everyone before it happens -- to deny this would be a denial of God Himself. However, if human-beings did not have free will, it would be ridiculous and un-just for God to demand that they do certain things and believe certain things. Far from being "fatalistic", Islaam teaches that a human-being's main purpose in life is to be God-conscious. Due to this, Muslims worry less about material matters and view their earthly life in a proper perspective. This is due to the fact that Islaam clearly teaches that if people worship and depend on Almighty God alone, then they have nothing to worry about - since God wants what is best for them.

True freedom, from the Islaamic perspective, does not mean aimlessly following all of your human desires for food, drink, wealth and sex. On the contrary, freedom means being able to control one's base desires and fulfilling them in a proper and legal way. This brings one's desires in tune with what God wants for us - only then is a person truly free!

..........
Prepared by: Abu 'Iyaad


Read More! (Baca Lebih Lengkap)

1) The deen (religion) of Islaam: It is the way of life that Allaah sent the Prophet Muhammad (sal-Allaahu `alayhe wa sallam) with. By it, Allaah terminated the validity of all other religions, perfected this religion for His worshippers, completed His favour upon them and has chosen only this religion for them - no other religion will be accepted by Him from anyone. Allaah (Subhaanahu wa Ta'aala) said:

{Muhammad is not the father of any man amongst you. Rather he is the Messenger of Allaah and the khaatim (last and final) of the Prophets}, [Soorah al-Ahzaab, Aayah 40]

{This day have I perfected your religion for you, completed My favour upon you, and have chosen for you Islaam as your religion}, [Soorah al-Maa.idah, Aayah 3]

{Indeed the religion with Allaah is Islaam}, [Soorah Aal-'lmraan, Aayah 19]

{Whosoever seeks a religion other than Islaam, never will it be accepted from him, and in the Hereafter he will be one of the losers}, [Soorah Aal-'Imraan, Aayah 85]

And Allaah (Subhaanahu wa Ta'aala) obligated all of mankind to take Islaam as their religion. So Allaah said, whilst addressing His Messenger (sal-Allaahu `alayhe wa sallam):

{Say: O mankind! Indeed I have been sent to you all as the Messenger of Allaah; to Whom belongs the dominion of the heavens and the earth. None has the right to be worshipped except Him; it is He who gives life and causes death. So believe in Allaah and His Messenger - the Prophet who can neither read nor write - who believes in Allaah and His Words. So follow the Messenger of Allaah so that you may be rightly-guided}, [Soorah al-A'raaf Aayah 158]

And in Saheeh Muslim (1/93), from Abu Hurayrah radhi-yallaahu 'anhu that Allaah's Messenger (sal-Allaahu `alayhe wa sallam) said:

((By Him in whose Hand is the life of Muhammad! There is no one from this nation, be he a Jew or a Christian, who hears of me and then dies without believing in the Message that I was sent with, except that he will be one of the Companions of the Hellfire)).

And eemaan (faith) in the Prophet implies: affirming that which he was sent with, along with acceptance of it and submission to it. Without these two matters, mere affirmation is not sufficient. This is why even though Abu Taalib (the Prophet's uncle) affirmed what was sent to the Prophet Muhammad (sal-Allaahu `alayhe wa sallam) and that Islaam was the best of religions, yet he did not accept his message nor submit to it; and thus he did not have eemaan, in the Prophet (sal-Allaahu `alayhe wa sallam).

2) The religion of Islaam contains all that was beneficial from the previous religions. It is suitable for implementation in any age, anywhere and by any nation. Allaah (Subhaanahu wa Ta'aala) said, whilst addressing His Messenger (sal-Allaahu `alayhe wa sallam):

{And We have sent down to you the Book in truth, confirming the Scripture that came before it> testifying to the truth contained therein whilst exposing the falsehood that has been added therein}, [Soorah al-Maa.idah, Aayah 48]

That Islaam is suitable for implementation in any age, anywhere and by any nation does not mean that it becomes submissive to nations - being altered and changed by them - as some people falsely think. But rather it means that whenever it is truly adhered to then it brings benefit and goodness to that nation, as well as reforming and correcting it - in whatever age or place.

3) The religion of Islaam is the religion of truth. It is the way of life that Allaah (Subhaanahu wa Ta'aala) guaranteed His help and victory for those who truly adhere to it, and that He would make it dominant over all other religions.
Allaah (Subhaanahu wa Ta'aala) said:

{It is He who has sent His Messenger with the guidance and the religion of truth, that it may prevail over all other religions, even if the pagans detest it}, [Soorah at-Tawbah, Aayah 33]

And Allaah (Subhaanahu wa Ta'aala) said:

{Allaah has promised to those amongst you who truly have eemaan (true faith and belief) and act in obedience to Allaah and His Messenger, that He will grant them rulership upon the earth, just as He granted it to those before them, and that He will establish their Religion for them and grant them the authority to practice their Religion which He chose and ordered them with. And He will certainly change their situation to one of security, after their fear. Providing that they worship and obey Me, not associating anything else in worship with Me. Then, whoever rejects this favour by disobedience to their Lord - then they are the rebellious transgressors}, [Soorah an-Noor, Aayah 55]

4) The religion of Islaam is a complete religion comprising both 'aqeedah (beliefs) and Sharee'ah (laws).

It commands them with tawheed (to single out Allaah alone for worship) and prohibits them from shirk (associating partners with Allaah in that which is particular to Him).

• It commands them with being truthful and prohibits them from lying.

• It commands them with 'adl (justice) and prohibits them from injustice and oppression.

• It commands them with fulfilling trusts and prohibits them from acting treacherously.

• It commands them with keeping promises and prohibits them from breaking them.

• It commands them with kindness and good treatment of parents and prohibits them from disobedience to them in that which is not sinful.

• It commands them with joining the ties of relations and prohibits them from severing them.

• It commands them with good treatment of neighbours and prohibits the causing of harm to them.

In short, Islaam orders all that is good, from manners and morals, and prohibits all that is evil from it.

Likewise, it orders all actions which are righteous and good and prohibits all actions that are evil and harmful.

Allaah (Subhaanahu wa Ta'aala) said:

{Indeed Allaah enjoins upon you justice, kindness and the giving of good to relatives and near ones. And He prohibits you from all shameful and evil deeds, oppression and transgression. Thus He admonishes you, that you may take heed and be reminded}, [Soorah an-Nahl, Aayah 90].

Shaykh Ibn 'Uthaymeen
Sharh Usool al-Eemaan - Pages 4-7


Read More! (Baca Lebih Lengkap)

A question that repeatedly arises is that concerning the 'position of women in Islaam'. Muslim scholars have been able with great success - despite the onslaught of distortion and mis-representation - to demonstrate the true position of Muslim women; especially of women's liberation in the advent of Islaam. The Islaamic ruling on issues such as inheritance, the right to earn, the right to own property etc. have reinforced this position and have been prescribed by Allaah - the One True God - long before western nations even thought of such concepts!

The issue of two women witnesses in place of one man is the concern of the present treatise. As will become clear to the sincere and objective reader, the intellectual status of a Muslim woman is neither marred nor degraded by the commandment that if two Muslim male witnesses are not available then one Muslim male and two Muslim females should be invited to witness. Rather, this injunction is in perfect harmony with the nature and psychology of the woman as will become evident through quotations from psychologists, psychiatrists and medical research.

The passage of the Qur.aan (Soorah al-Baqarah, Aayah 282) in which the above-mentioned requirement is made has usury, capital and debtor difficulties as its theme. Allaah grants guidelines in matters relating to monetary obligations. Then business transactions are dealt with. In this section, the requirement to commit all transactions into writing is stated most emphatically:

{Reduce them to writing...}

The section after this describes the responsibility of the scribe, or in modern parlance, the person responsible for drawing up the agreement. The following section describes the responsibility and the obligation of the person incurring the liability. The section after this explains how if the party that is liable cannot effectively draw up the contract - out of being deficient or weak mentally, or being unable to dictate - then his or her guardian should help draw out the contract and choose two suitable witnesses to observe. It must be understood that this situation arises if it is not possible for the liable party to draw out the contract by him/herself. The condition to put things into writing is still supreme.

The next section then explains that two men should be called to witness and if two men are not available:

{And if there are not two men...}, then a man and two women.

The legislation then continues and reminds most emphatically that one should not be complacent about putting ALL agreements into writing - no matter whether these agreements are major or minor as this is more JUST in the sight of Allaah and more reliable as evidence. The passage of the Qur.aan further explains that for practical reasons it may not always be possible to commit on-the-spot agreements into writing. In this case, it is also recommended that it be witnessed. The section which follows then lays down the guidelines which should be followed in the event that no witnesses are present.

The purpose in giving the above outline is to draw attention to the fact the question of women witnesses relates, in this instance, to commercial agreements and is not a STATEMENT ON THEIR STATUS.

Let's look at the section under investigation in more detail. Allaah said:

{And get two witnesses of your own men, and if there are not two men then a man and two women such as you choose for witnesses - so that if one of them errs, the other can remind her...}, [Soorah al-Baqarah, Aayah 182]

A number of questions (as well as eyebrows!) are raised when this section of the passage is read. The questions often posed include:

* Do women have weaker memories than men?
* Why should two women be needed in the place of one man?
* Are women inferior to men?

One must remember that Prophet Muhammad (sal-Allaahu `alayhe wa sallam) was neither a physiologist, a psychiatrist and nor a surgeon. He was an illiterate and could neither read nor write. He passed on the revelation exactly as he received it.
Allaah, the Creator, with His infinite wisdom gave the directives best suited to humankind. He is the Creator, therefore, He knows man better than a man himself.

In this scientific age we can explore the significance of this legislation. A great deal has been discovered since the early days of Islaam. And each day of advancement brings about a better understanding of the the last and final revelation from the Creator, Allaah to the creation, humankind.

As women, we are aware of the cyclical psychological strains that a woman has to encounter every month. The symptoms during early pregnancy, ante-natal and post-natal depressions, the phenomenon of menopause, the physiological and psychological problems due to infertility and last but not least the psychological problems faced after miscarriage.

It is under these situations that women can experience extraordinary psychological strains giving rise to depression, lack of concentration, slow-mindedness and SHORT TERM MEMORY LOSS. Let us examine these episodes in a bit more detail and with medical references from the scientific world. PMT is an umbrella term for more than 140 different symptoms and there is a lot of evidence that it causes a lot of unhappiness in many women, and consequently, to their families.

Psychiatry in Practice, April 1983 issue states: "Forty percent of women suffer from pre-menstrual syndrome in some form and one in if our women have their lives severely disrupted by it. Dr Jill Williams, general practitioner from Bury, gives guidelines on how to recognise patients at risk and suggests a suitable treatment."[1]

In the same issue, George Beaumont reporting on the workshop held at the Royal College of Obstreticians and Gynaecologists in London on pre-menstrual syndrome, says: "Some authorities would argue that 80 percent of women have some degree of breast and abdominal discomfort which is pre-menstrual but that only about 10 percent complain to their doctors - and then only because of severe tenderness of the breasts and mental depression... Other authorities have suggested that pre-menstrual syndrome is a new problem, regular ovulation for 20 years or more being a phenomenon caused by 'civilisation', 'medical progress', and an altered concept of the role of women."[2]

In its examination of the occurrence of physical and psychological change during the period just prior to the onset of menstruation we read in Psychological Medicine: "Many studies have reported an increased likelihood of various negative affects during the pre-menstrual period. In this affective category are many emotional designations including irritability, depression, tension, anxiety, sadness, insecurity, lethargy, loneliness, tearfulness, fatigue, restlessness and changes of mood. In the majority of studies, investigators have found it difficult to distinguish between various negative affects, and only a few have allowed themselves to be excessively concerned with the differences which might or might not exist between affective symptoms."[3]

In the same article dealing with Pre-menstrual Behavioural Changes we read: "A significant relationship between the pre-menstrual phase of the cycle and a variety of specific and defined forms of behaviour has been reported in a number of studies. For the purpose of their review, these forms of behaviour have been grouped under the headings of aggressive behaviour, illness behaviour and accidents, performance on examination and other tests and sporting performance."[4] The lengthy review portrays how female behaviour is affected in these situations.

In 'The Pre-menstrual Syndrome', C. Shreeves writes: "Reduced powers of concentration and memory are familiar aspects of the pre-menstrual syndrome and can only be remedied by treating the underlying complaint." This does not mean, of course, that women are mentally deficient absolutely. It just means that their mental faculties can become affected at certain times in the biological cycle. Shreeves also writes: "As many as 80 percent of women are aware of some degree of pre-menstrual changes, 40 percent are substantially disturbed by them, and between 10 and 20 percent are seriously disabled as a result of the syndrome."

Furthermore, women face the problem of ante-natal and post-natal depression, both of which cause extreme cycles of depression in some cases. Again, these recurring symptoms naturally affect the mind, giving rise to drowsiness and dopey memory.
On the subject of pregnancy in Psychiatry in Practice, October-November 1986, we learn that: "In an experiment 'Cox' found that 16 percent of a sample of 263 pregnant women were suffering from clinically significant psychiatric problems. Eight percent had a depressive neurosis and 1.9 percent had phobic neurosis. This study showed that the proportion of pregnant women with psychiatric problems was greater than that found in the control group but the difference only tended towards significance."[5]

Regarding the symptoms during the post-natal cycle Dr. Ruth Sagovsky writes: "The third category of puerperal psychiatric problems is post-natal depression. It is generally agreed that between10 to 15 percent of women become clinically depressed after childbirth. These mothers experience a variety of symptoms but anxiety, especially over the baby, irritability, and excessive fatigue are common. Appetite is usually decreased and often there are considerable sleep difficulties. The mothers lose interest in the things they enjoyed prior to the baby's birth, and find that their concentration is impaired. They often feel irrational guilt, and blame themselves for being 'bad' wives and mothers. Fifty percent of these women are not identified as having a depressive illness. Unfortunately, many of them do not understand what ails them and blame their husbands, their babies or themselves until the relationships are strained to an alarming degree."[6]

"... Making the diagnosis of post-natal depression is not always easy. Quite often the depression is beginning to become a serious problem around three months postpartum when frequent contact with the health visitor is diminishing. The mother may not present with depressed mood. If she comes to the health centre presenting the baby as the patient, the true nature of the problem can be missed. When the mother is continually anxious about the baby in spite of reassurance, then the primary health care worker needs to be aware of the possibility of depression. Sometimes these mothers present with marital difficulties, and it is easy to muddle cause and effect, viewing the accompanying low mood as part of the marital problem. Sometimes, only when the husband is seen as well does it become obvious that it is a post-natal depressive illness which has led to the deterioration in the marriage."[7]

Again there is a need to study the effects of the menopause about which very little is known even to this day. This phase in a woman's life can start at any time from the mid-thirties to the mid-fifties and can last for as long as 15 years.

Writing about the pre-menopausal years, C.B. Ballinger states: "Several of the community surveys indicate a small but significant increase in psychiatric symptoms in women during the five years prior to the cessation of menstrual periods... The most obvious clinical feature of this transitional phase of menstrual function is the alteration in menstrual pattern, the menstrual cycle becoming shorter with age, and variability in cycle length become very prominent just prior to the cessation of menstruation. Menorrhagia is a common complaint at this time, and is associated with higher than normal levels of psychiatric disturbance."[8]

On the phenomenon of menopause in an article in Newsweek International, May 25th 1992, Dr. Jennifer al-Knopf, Director of the Sex and Marital Therapy Programme of Northwestern University writes: "...Women never know what their body is doing to them... some reporting debilitating symptoms from hot flashes to night sweat, sleeplessness, irritability, mood swings, short term memory loss, migraine, headaches, urinary inconsistence and weight gain. Most such problems can be traced to the drop-off in the female hormones oestrogen and progesterone, both of which govern the ovarian cycle. But every woman starts with a different level of hormones and loses them at different rates. The unpredictability is one of the most upsetting aspects. Women never know what their body is going to do to them..."

Then there are the psychiatric aspects of infertility and miscarriage. On the subject of infertility, Dr. Ruth Sagovsky writes: "Depression, anger and guilt are common reactions to bereavement. In infertility there is the added pain of there being nobody to grieve for. Families and friends may contribute to the feeling of isolation by passing insensitive comments. The gynaecologist and GPs have to try to help these couples against a backdrop of considerable distress."[9]

On the subject of miscarriage the above article continues: "Miscarriage is rarely mentioned when considering abortion. However, miscarriage can at times have profound psychological sequelae and it is important that those women affected receive the support they need. Approximately one-fifth of all pregnancies end in spontaneous abortion and the effects are poorly recognised. If however, the miscarriage occurs in the context of infertility, the emotional reaction may be severe. The level of grief will depend on the meaning of pregnancy to the couple."[10]

Also, the fact that women are known to be more sensitive and emotional than men must not be overlooked. It is well known, for example, that under identical circumstances women suffer much greater anxiety than men. Numerous medical references on this aspect of female behaviour can be given but to quote as a specimen, we read in 'Sex Differences in Mental Health' that: "Surveys have found different correlates of anxiety and neuroticism in the two sexes. Women and men do not become equally upset by the same things, and being upset does not have the same effect in men as in women. Ekehammer (1974; Ekehammer, Magnusson and Ricklander, 1974) using data from 116 sixteen-year-olds, did a factor analysis on self-reported anxiety. Of the eighteen different responses indicating anxiety (sweating palms, faster heart rate, and so on) females reported experiencing twelve of them significantly more often than males. Of the anxiety-producing situations studied, females reported experiencing significantly more anxiety than males reported in fourteen of them."[11]

It is in light of the above findings of psychologist, psychiatrists and researchers that the saying of Allaah, the Exalted:

{And get two witnesses of your own men, and if there are not two men then a man and two women such as you choose for witnesses - SO THAT IF ONE OF THEM ERRS, THE OTHER CAN REMIND HER...}, [Soorah al-Baqarah, Aayah 182]

...can be understood. One must also bear in mind that forgetfulness can be an asset. A woman has to be put up with children presenting all kinds of emotional problems and a woman is certainly known to be more resilient than man. The aim of presenting these research findings on a number of aspects related with the theme is to indicate that a woman by her biological constitution faces such problems. It does not however make her inferior to man but it does illustrate that she is different. Viewed in this way, it can only lead one to the conclusion that Allaah knows His creation the best and has prescribed precise laws in keeping with the nature of humankind.

Allaah, the Creator is - as always - All-Knowing and man (or the disbeliever in Allaah and the final, perfected, revealed way of life, Islaam) is - as usual - either ignorant and arrogant.

..........
Footnotes

[1] Psychiatry in Practice, April 1993, p.14.

[2] Psychiatry in Practice, April 1993, p.18.

[3] Psychological Medicine, Monograph Supplement 4, 1983, Cambridge University Press, p.6.

[4] Psychological Medicine, Monograph Supplement 4, 1983, Cambridge University Press, p.7.

[5] Psychiatry in Practice, October-November, 1986, p.6.

[6] Psychiatry in Practice, May, 1987, p.18.

[7] Psychiatry in Practice, May, 1987, p.18. As has been mentioned above the Prophet Muhammad (sal-Allaahu `alayhe wa sallam) was neither a psychologist nor a psychiatrist. Rather, he merely conveyed the truth that was revealed to him. It is in the context of this quotation and the one before it that the following saying of the Prophet Muhammad (sal-Allaahu `alayhe wa sallam) can be understood:

((Treat your women kindly. The woman has been created from a rib, and the most curved part of a rib is its upper region. If you try to straighten it you will break it, and if you leave it as it is, it will remain curved. So treat women kindly))

And in another narration:

((If you try to straighten her you will break her and breaking her means divorce)), [Reported by al-Bukhaaree and Muslim].

This is very important advice for the man - for him to have patience and not to try to 'reform' the behavioural pattern of the woman during these times i.e. 'to straighten her'. He will not be able to do that, as it is biological in origin. Instead, he should maintain and protect his relationship with her by showing kindness.

[8] Psychiatry in Practice, November, 1987, p.26.

[9] Psychiatry in Practice, Winter, 1989, p.16.

[10] Psychiatry in Practice, Winter, 1989, p.17.

[11] Katherine Blick Hoyenga and Kermit T. Hoyenga in 'Sex Differences in Mental Health', p.336.
..........
Prepared by: Abu 'Iyaad


Read More! (Baca Lebih Lengkap)

Disusun Oleh: Ustadz Anas Burhanuddin, Lc.

Beliau adalah Yahya bin Syaraf bin Hasan bin Husain An-Nawawi Ad-Dimasyqiy, Abu Zakaria. Beliau dilahirkan pada bulan Muharram tahun 631 H di Nawa, sebuah kampung di daerah Dimasyq (Damascus) yang sekarang merupakan ibukota Suriah. Beliau dididik oleh ayah beliau yang terkenal dengan kesalehan dan ketakwaan. Beliau mulai belajar di katatib (tempat belajar baca tulis untuk anak-anak) dan hafal Al-Quran sebelum menginjak usia baligh.

Ketika berumur sepuluh tahun, Syaikh Yasin bin Yusuf Az-Zarkasyi melihatnya dipaksa bermain oleh teman-teman sebayanya, namun ia menghindar, menolak dan menangis karena paksaan tersebut. Syaikh ini berkata bahwa anak ini diharapkan akan menjadi orang paling pintar dan paling zuhud pada masanya dan bisa memberikan manfaat yang besar kepada umat Islam. Perhatian ayah dan guru beliaupun menjadi semakin besar.

An-Nawawi tinggal di Nawa hingga berusia 18 tahun. Kemudian pada tahun 649 H ia memulai rihlah thalabul ilminya ke Dimasyq dengan menghadiri halaqah–halaqah ilmiah yang diadakan oleh para ulama kota tersebut. Ia tinggal di madrasah Ar-rawahiyyah didekat Al-Jami’ Al-Umawiy. Jadilah thalabul ilmi sebagai kesibukannya yang utama. Disebutkan bahwa ia menghadiri dua belas halaqah dalam sehari. Ia rajin sekali dan menghafal banyak hal. Iapun mengungguli teman-temannya yang lain. Ia berkata : “Dan aku menulis segala yang berhubungan dengannya,baik penjelasan kalimat yang sulit maupun pemberian harakat pada kata-kata. Dan Allah telah memberikan barakah dalam waktuku.” [Syadzaratudz Dzahab 5/355].

Diantara syaikh beliau: Abul Baqa’ An-Nablusiy, Abdul Aziz bin Muhammad Al-Ausiy, Abu Ishaq Al-Muradiy, Abul Faraj Ibnu Qudamah Al-Maqdisiy, Ishaq bin Ahmad Al-Maghribiy dan Ibnul Firkah. Dan diantara murid beliau: Ibnul ‘Aththar Asy-Syafi’iy, Abul Hajjaj Al-Mizziy, Ibnun Naqib Asy-Syafi’iy,Abul ‘Abbas Al-Isybiliy dan Ibnu ‘Abdil Hadi.

Pada tahun 651 H ia menunaikan ibadah haji bersama ayahnya, kemudian ia pergi ke Madinah dan menetap disana selama satu setengah bulan lalu kembali ke Dimasyq. Pada tahun 665 H ia mengajar di Darul Hadits Al-Asyrafiyyah (Dimasyq) dan menolak untuk mengambil gaji.

Beliau digelari Muhyiddin ( yang menghidupkan agama ) dan membenci gelar ini karena tawadhu’ beliau. Disamping itu, agama islam adalah agama yang hidup dan kokoh, tidak memerlukan orang yang menghidupkannya sehingga menjadi hujjah atas orang-orang yang meremehkannya atau meninggalkannya. Diriwayatkan bahwa beliau berkata :”Aku tidak akan memaafkan orang yang menggelariku Muhyiddin”.

Imam An-Nawawi adalah seorang yang zuhud, wara’ dan bertaqwa. Beliau sederhana, qana’ah dan berwibawa. Beliau menggunakan banyak waktu beliau dalam ketaatan. Sering tidak tidur malam untuk ibadah atau menulis. Beliau juga menegakkan amar ma’ruf nahi munkar, termasuk kepada para penguasa, dengan cara yang telah digariskan Islam. Beliau menulis surat berisi nasehat untuk pemerintah dengan bahasa yang halus sekali. Suatu ketika beliau dipanggil oleh raja Azh-Zhahir Bebris untuk menandatangani sebuah fatwa. Datanglah beliau yang bertubuh kurus dan berpakaian sangat sederhana. Raja pun meremehkannya dan berkata: ”Tandatanganilah fatwa ini!!” Beliau membacanya dan menolak untuk membubuhkan tanda tangan. Raja marah dan berkata: ”Kenapa !?” Beliau menjawab: ”Karena berisi kedhaliman yang nyata”. Raja semakin marah dan berkata: ”Pecat ia dari semua jabatannya”. Para pembantu raja berkata: ”Ia tidak punya jabatan sama sekali. Raja ingin membunuhnya tapi Allah menghalanginya. Raja ditanya: ”Kenapa tidak engkau bunuh dia padahal sudah bersikap demikian kepada Tuan?” Rajapun menjawab: ”Demi Allah, aku sangat segan padanya”.

Imam Nawawi meninggalkan banyak sekali karya ilmiah yang terkenal. Jumlahnya sekitar empat puluh kitab, diantaranya:

1. Dalam bidang hadits : Arba’in, Riyadhush Shalihin, Al- Minhaj (Syarah Shahih Muslim), At-Taqrib wat Taysir fi Ma’rifat Sunan Al-Basyirin Nadzir.

2. Dalam bidang fiqih: Minhajuth Thalibin, Raudhatuth Thalibin, Al-Majmu’.

3. Dalam bidang bahasa: Tahdzibul Asma’ wal Lughat.

4. Dalam bidang akhlak: At-Tibyan fi Adab Hamalatil Qur’an, Bustanul Arifin, Al-Adzkar.

Kitab-kitab ini dikenal secara luas termasuk oleh orang awam dan memberikan manfaat yang besar sekali untuk umat. Ini semua tidak lain karena taufik dari Allah Ta’ala, kemudian keikhlasan dan kesungguhan beliau dalam berjuang.

Secara umum beliau termasuk salafi dan berpegang teguh pada manhaj ahlul hadits, tidak terjerumus dalam filsafat dan berusaha meneladani generasi awal umat dan menulis bantahan untuk ahlul bid’ah yang menyelisihi mereka. Namun beliau tidak ma’shum (terlepas dari kesalahan) dan jatuh dalam kesalahan yang banyak terjadi pada uluma-ulama di zaman beliau yaitu kesalahan dalam masalah sifat-sifat Allah Subhanah. Beliau kadang menta’wil dan kadang–kadang tafwidh. Orang yang memperhatikan kitab-kitab beliau akan mendapatkan bahwa beliau bukanlah muhaqqiq dalam bab ini, tidak seperti dalam cabang ilmu yang lain. Dalam bab ini beliau banyak mendasarkan pendapat beliau pada nukilan–nukilan dari para ulama tanpa mengomentarinya.

Adapun memvonis Imam Nawawi sebagai Asy’ari, itu tidak benar karena beliau banyak menyelisihi mereka (orang-orang Asy’ari) dalam masalah-masalah aqidah yang lain seperti ziyadatul iman dan khalqu af’alil ‘ibad. Karya-karya beliau tetap dianjurkan untuk dibaca dan dipelajari, dengan berhati-hati terhadap kesalahan-kesalahan yang ada. Tidak boleh bersikap seperti kaum Haddadiyyun yang membakar kitab-kitab karya beliau karena adanya beberapa kesalahan didalamnya.

Komite Tetap untuk Riset Ilmiah dan Fatwa kerajaan Saudi ditanya tentang aqidah beliau dan menjawab: ”Lahu aghlaath fish shifat” (Beliau memiliki beberapa kesalahan dalam bab sifat-sifat Allah).

Imam Nawawi meninggal pada 24 Rajab 676 H -rahimahullah wa ghafarahu-.

Catatan: Lihat biografi beliau di Tadzkiratul Huffazh 147, Thabaqat Asy-Syafi’iyyah Al-Kubra, Syadzaratudz Dzahab 5/354



Words of Wisdom :

Imaam Abu Haneefah (rahima-hullaah) said:

((When a hadeeth is found to be saheeh, then that is my madhhab)).

Ibn 'Aabideen in al-Haashiyah (1/63) and in his essay Rasm al-Mufti (1/4 from the Compilation of the Essays of Ibn 'Aabideen), Shaikh Saalih al-Fulaani in Eeqaaz al-Himam (p. 62) and others. Ibn 'Aabideen quoted from Sharh al-Hidaayah by Ibn al-Shahnah al-Kabeer, the teacher of Ibn al-Humaam.


Read More! (Baca Lebih Lengkap)

Imam Al Baihaqi, yang bernama lengkap Imam Al-Hafith Al-Mutaqin Abu Bakr Ahmed ibn Al-Hussein ibn Ali ibn Musa Al Khusrujardi Al-Baihaqi, adalah seorang ulama besar dari Khurasan (desa kecil di pinggiran kota Baihaq) dan penulis banyak buku terkenal.

Masa pendidikannya dijalani bersama sejumlah ulama terkenal dari berbagai negara, di antaranya Iman Abul Hassan Muhammed ibn Al-Hussein Al Alawi, Abu Tahir Al-Ziyadi, Abu Abdullah Al-Hakim, penulis kitab "Al Mustadrik of Sahih Muslim and Sahih Al-Bukhari", Abu Abdur-Rahman Al-Sulami, Abu Bakr ibn Furik, Abu Ali Al-Ruthabari of Khusran, Halal ibn Muhammed Al-Hafaar, dan Ibn Busran.

Para ulama itu tinggal di berbagai tempat terpencar. Oleh karenanya, Imam Baihaqi harus menempuh jarak cukup jauh dan menghabiskan banyak waktu untuk bisa bermajelis dengan mereka. Namun, semua itu dijalani dengan senang hati, demi memuaskan dahaga batinnya terhadap ilmu Islam.

As-Sabki menyatakan: "Imam Baihaqi merupakan satu di antara sekian banyak imam terkemuka dan memberi petunjuk bagi umat Muslim. Dialah pula yang sering kita sebut sebagai 'Tali Allah' dan memiliki pengetahuan luas mengenai ilmu agama, fikih serta penghapal hadits."

Abdul-Ghaffar Al-Farsi Al-Naisabouri dalam bukunya "Thail Tareekh Naisabouri": Abu Bakr Al-Baihaqi Al Hafith, Al Usuli Din, menghabiskan waktunya untuk mempelajari beragam ilmu agama dan ilmu pengetahuan lainnya. Dia belajar ilmu aqidah dan bepergian ke Irak serta Hijaz (Arab Saudi) kemudian banyak menulis buku.

Imam Baihaqi juga mengumpulkan Hadits-hadits dari beragam sumber terpercaya. Pemimpin Islam memintanya pindah dari Nihiya ke Naisabor untuk tujuan mendengarkan penjelasannya langsung dan mengadakan bedah buku. Maka di tahun 441, para pemimpin Islam itu membentuk sebuah majelis guna mendengarkan penjelasan mengenai buku 'Al Ma'rifa'. Banyak imam terkemuka turut hadir.

Imam Baihaqi hidup ketika kekacauan sedang marak di berbagai negeri Islam. Saat itu kaum muslim terpecah-belah berdasarkan politik, fikih, dan pemikiran. Antara kelompok yang satu dengan yang lain berusaha saling menyalahkan dan menjatuhkan, sehingga mempermudah musuh dari luar, yakni bangsa Romawi, untuk menceraiberaikan mereka. Dalam masa krisis ini, Imam Baihaqi hadir sebagai pribadi yang berkomitmen terhadap ajaran agama. Dia memberikan teladan bagaimana seharusnya menerjemahkan ajaran Islam dalam perilaku keseharian.

Sementara itu, dalam Wafiyatul A'yam, Ibnu Khalkan menulis, "Dia hidup zuhud, banyak beribadah, wara', dan mencontoh para salafus shalih."

Beliau terkenal sebagai seorang yang memiliki kecintaan besar terhadap hadits dan fikih. Dari situlah kemudian Imam Baihaqi populer sebagai pakar ilmu hadits dan fikih.

Setelah sekian lama menuntut ilmu kepada para ulama senior di berbagai negeri Islam, Imam Baihaqi kembali lagi ke tempat asalnya, kota Baihaq. Di sana, dia mulai menyebarkan berbagai ilmu yang telah didapatnya selama mengembara ke berbagai negeri Islam. Ia mulai banyak mengajar.

Selain mengajar, dia juga aktif menulis buku. Dia termasuk dalam deretan para penulis buku yang produktif. Diperkirakan, buku-buku tulisannya mencapai seribu jilid. Tema yang dikajinya sangat beragam, mulai dari akidah, hadits, fikih, hingga tarikh. Banyak ulama yang hadir lebih kemudian, yang mengapresiasi karya-karyanya itu. Hal itu lantaran pembahasannya yang demikian luas dan mendalam.

Meski dipandang sebagai ahli hadits, namun banyak kalangan menilai Baihaqi tidak cukup mengenal karya-karya hadits dari Tirmizi, Nasa'i, dan Ibn Majah. Dia juga tidak pernah berjumpa dengan buku hadits atau Masnad Ahmad bin Hanbal (Imam Hambali). Dia menggunakan Mustadrak al-Hakim karya Imam al-Hakim secara bebas.

Menurut ad-Dahabi, seorang ulama hadits, kajian Baihaqi dalam hadits tidak begitu besar, namun beliau mahir meriwayatkan hadits karena benar-benar mengetahui sub-sub bagian hadits dan para tokohnya yang telah muncul dalam isnad-isnad (sandaran atau rangkaian perawi hadits).

Di antara karya-karya Baihaqi, Kitab as-Sunnan al-Kubra yang terbit di Hyderabat, India, 10 jilid tahun 1344-1355, menjadi karya paling terkenal. Buku ini pernah mendapat penghargaan tertinggi.

Dari pernyataan as-Subki, ahli fikih, usul fikih serta hadits, tidak ada yang lebih baik dari kitab ini, baik dalam penyesuaian susunannya maupun mutunya.

Dalam karya tersebut ada catatan-catatan yang selalu ditambahkan mengenai nilai-nilai atau hal lainnya, seperti hadits-hadits dan para ahli hadits. Selain itu, setiap jilid cetakan Hyderabat itu memuat indeks yang berharga mengenai tokoh-tokoh dari tiga generasi pertama ahli-ahli hadits yang dijumpai dengan disertai petunjuk periwayatannya.

Itulah di antara sumbangsih dan peninggalan berharga dari Imam Baihaqi. Dia mewariskan ilmu-ilmunya untuk ditanamkan di dada para muridnya. Di samping telah pula mengabadikannya ke dalam berbagai bentuk karya tulis yang hingga sekarang pun tidak usai-usai juga dikaji orang.

Imam terkemuka ini meninggal dunia di Nisabur, Iran, tanggal 10 Jumadilawal 458 H (9 April 1066). Dia lantas dibawa ke tanah kelahirannya dan dimakamkan di sana. Penduduk kota Baihaq berpendapat, bahwa kota merekalah yang lebih patut sebagai tempat peristirahatan terakhir seorang pecinta hadits dan fikih, seperti Imam Baihaqi.

Sejumlah buku penting lain telah menjadi peninggalannya yang tidak ternilai. Antara lain buku "As-Sunnan Al Kubra", "Sheub Al Iman", "Tha La'il An Nabuwwa", "Al Asma wa As Sifat", dan "Ma'rifat As Sunnan cal Al Athaar".


Words of Wisdom :

Shaykh al-Islaam Ibn Taymiyyah (rahima-hullaah) said:

((Indeed the people of Truth and the Sunnah do not follow anyone [unconditionally] except the messenger of Allaah (sal-Allaahu `alayhe wa sallam), the one who does not speak from his desires - it is only revelation revealed to him)).

Majmoo'ah al-Fataawaa Ibn Taymiyyah, vol 3, page 216, Daar Ibn Hazm Print, Trans: Aboo 'Abdis-Salaam


Read More! (Baca Lebih Lengkap)

Khazanah keilmuan Islam klasik mencatat sosok Imam Tirmizi sebagai salah satu periwayat dan ahli Hadits utama, selain Imam Bukhari, Imam Muslim, Imam Abu Daud, dan sederet nama lainnya. Karyanya, Kitab Al Jami', atau biasa dikenal dengan kitab Jami' Tirmizi, menjadi salah satu rujukan penting berkaitan masalah Hadits dan ilmunya, serta termasuk dalam Kutubus Sittah (enam kitab pokok di bidang Hadits) dan ensiklopedia Hadits terkenal. Sosok penuh tawadhu' dan ahli ibadah ini tak lain adalah Imam Tirmizi.

Dilahirkan pada 279 H di kota Tirmiz, Imam Tirmizi bernama lengkap Imam Al-Hafiz Abu Isa Muhammad bin Isa bin Saurah bin Musa bin Ad-Dahhak As-Sulami At-Tirmizi. Sejak kecil, Imam Tirmizi gemar belajar ilmu dan mencari Hadits. Untuk keperluan inilah ia mengembara ke berbagai negeri, antara lain Hijaz, Irak, Khurasan, dan lain-lain.

Dalam lawatannya itu, ia banyak mengunjungi ulama-ulama besar dan guru-guru Hadits untuk mendengar Hadits dan kemudian dihafal dan dicatatnya dengan baik. Di antara gurunya adalah; Imam Bukhari, Imam Muslim, dan Imam Abu Daud. Selain itu, ia juga belajar pada Imam Ishak bin Musa, Mahmud bin Gailan, Said bin Abdurrahman, Ali bin Hajar, Ahmad bin Muni', dan lainnya.

Perjalanan panjang pengembaraannya mencari ilmu, bertukar pikiran, dan mengumpulkan Hadits itu mengantarkan dirinya sebagai ulama Hadits yang sangat disegani kalangan ulama semasanya. Kendati demikian, takdir menggariskan lain. Daya upaya mulianya itu pula yang pada akhir kehidupannya mendapat musibah kebutaan, dan beberapa tahun lamanya ia hidup sebagai tuna netra. Dalam kondisi seperti inilah, Imam Tirmizi meninggal dunia. Ia wafat di Tirmiz pada usia 70 tahun.

Di kemudian hari, kumpulan Hadits dan ilmu-ilmunya dipelajari dan diriwayatkan oleh banyak ulama, di antaranya; Makhul ibnul-Fadl, Muhammad bin Mahmud Anbar, Hammad bin Syakir, Abd bin Muhammad An-Nasfiyyun, Al-Haisam bin Kulaib Asy-Syasyi, Ahmad bin Yusuf An-Nasafi, Abul-Abbas Muhammad bin Mahbud Al-Mahbubi, yang meriwayatkan kitab Al-Jami' daripadanya, dan lain-lain. Mereka ini pula murid-murid Imam Tirmizi.

Banyak kalangan ulama dan ahli Hadits mengakui kekuatan dan kelebihan dalam diri Imam Tirmizi. Selain itu, kesalehan dan ketakwaannya pun tak dapat diragukan lagi. Salah satu ulama itu, Ibnu Hibban Al-Busti, pakar Hadits, mengakui kemampuan Tirmizi dalam menghafal, menghimpun, menyusun, dan meneliti Hadits, sehingga menjadikan dirinya sumber pengambilan Hadits para ulama terkenal, termasuk Imam Bukhari.

Sementara kalangan ulama lainnya mengungkapkan, Imam Tirmizi adalah sosok yang dapat dipercaya, amanah, dan sangat teliti. Kisah yang dikemukakan Al-Hafiz Ibnu Hajar dalam Tahzib At-Tahzibnya, dari Ahmad bin Abdullah bin Abu Dawud, berikut adalah salah satu bukti kelebihan sang Imam :

Saya mendengar Abu Isa At-Tirmizi berkata, "Pada suatu waktu dalam perjalanan menuju Mekkah, dan ketika itu saya telah menulis dua jilid buku berisi Hadits-hadits berasal dari seorang guru. Guru tersebut berpapasan dengan kami. Lalu saya bertanya-tanya mengenai dia, mereka menjawab bahwa dialah orang yang kumaksudkan itu. Kemudian saya menemuinya. Dia mengira bahwa 'dua jilid kitab' itu ada padaku. Ternyata yang kubawa bukanlah dua jilid tersebut, melainkan dua jilid lain yang mirip dengannya. Ketika saya bertemu dengannya, saya memohon kepadanya untuk mendengar Hadits, dan ia mengabulkan permohonan itu. Kemudian ia membacakan Hadits yang telah dihafalnya. Di sela-sela pembacaan itu ia mencuri pandang dan melihat bahwa kertas yang kupegang ternyata masih putih bersih tanpa ada tulisan sesuatu apa pun. Melihat kenyataan itu, ia berkata, 'Tidakkah engkau malu kepadaku?' Lalu aku bercerita dan menjelaskan kepadanya bahwa apa yang ia bacakan itu telah kuhafal semuanya. 'Coba bacakan!' perintahnya. Aku pun membacakan seluruhnya secara beruntun. Ia bertanya lagi, 'Apakah telah engkau hafalkan sebelum datang kepadaku?' Aku menjawab, 'Tidak.' Kemudian saya meminta lagi agar dia meriwayatkan Hadits yang lain. Ia pun kemudian membacakan 40 Hadits yang tergolong Hadits-hadits sulit atau gharib lalu berkata, 'Coba ulangi apa yang kubacakan tadi!' Lalu aku membacakannya dari pertama sampai selesai, dan ia berkomentar, 'Aku belum pernah melihat orang seperti engkau.' "

Selain dikenal sebagai ahli dan penghafal Hadits, mengetahui kelemahan-kelemahan dan perawi-perawinya, Imam Tirmizi juga dikenal sebagai ahli fiqh dengan wawasan dan pandangan luas. Pandangan-pandangan tentang fiqh itu misalnya, dapat ditemukan dalam kitabnya Al-Jami'.

Kajian-kajiannya mengenai persoalan fiqh ini pula mencerminkan dirinya sebagai ulama yang sangat berpengalaman dan mengerti betul duduk permasalahan yang sebenarnya. Sebagai tamsil, penjelasannya terhadap sebuah Hadits mengenai penangguhan membayar piutang yang dilakukan si berutang yang sudah mampu, sebagai berikut: "Muhammad bin Basysyar bin Mahdi menceritakan kepada kami. Sufyan menceritakan kepada kami, dari Abi Az-Zunad, dari Al-Arai dari Abu Hurairah, dari Nabi SAW, bersabda: Penangguhan membayar utang (yang dilakukan oleh si berutang) yang mampu adalah suatu kezaliman. Apabila seseorang di antara kamu dipindahkan utangnya kepada orang lain yang mampu membayar, hendaklah pemindahan utang itu diterimanya."

Bagaimana penjelasan sang Imam? Berikut ini komentar beliau, "Sebagian ahli ilmu berkata: 'Apabila seseorang dipindahkan piutangnya kepada orang lain yang mampu membayar dan ia menerima pemindahan itu, maka bebaslah orang yang memindahkan (muhil) itu, dan bagi orang yang dipindahkan piutangnya (muhtal) tidak dibolehkan menuntut kepada muhil.' Sementara sebagian ahli lainnya mengatakan: 'Apabila harta seseorang (muhtal) menjadi rugi disebabkan kepailitan muhal 'alaih, maka baginya dibolehkan menuntut bayar kepada orang pertama (muhil). Alasannya adalah, tidak ada kerugian atas harta benda seorang Muslim. Menurut Ibnu Ishak, perkataan 'Tidak ada kerugian atas harta benda seorang Muslim' ini adalah 'Apabila seseorang dipindahkan piutangnya kepada orang lain yang dikiranya mampu, namun ternyata orang lain itu tidak mampu, maka tidak ada kerugian atas harta benda orang Muslim (yang dipindahkan utangnya) itu'." demikian penjelasan Imam Tirmizi.

Ini adalah satu contoh yang menunjukkan kepada kita, betapa cemerlangnya pemikiran fiqh Imam Tirmizi dalam memahami nash-nash Hadits, serta betapa luas dan orisinal pandangannya itu. Hingga meninggalnya, Imam Tirmizi telah menulis puluhan kitab, diantaranya: Kitab Al-Jami', terkenal dengan sebutan Sunan at-Tirmizi, Kitab Al-'Ilal, Kitab At-Tarikh, Kitab Asy-Syama'il an-Nabawiyyah, Kitab Az-Zuhd, dan Kitab Al-Asma' wal-Kuna.

Selain dikenal dengan sebutan Kitab Jami' Tirmizi, kitab ini juga dikenal dengan nama Sunan At-Tirmizi. Di kalangan muhaddisin (ahli Hadits), kitab ini menjadi rujukan utama, selain kitab-kitab hadits lainnya dari Imam Bukhari maupun Imam Muslim.

Kitab Sunan Tirmizi dianggap sangat penting lantaran kitab ini betul-betul memperhatikan ta'lil (penentuan nilai) Hadits dengan menyebutkan secara eksplisit Hadits yang sahih. Itu sebabnya, kitab ini menduduki peringkat ke-4 dalam urutan Kutubus Sittah, atau menurut penulis buku Kasyf Az Zunuun, Hajji Khalfah (w. 1657), kedudukan Sunan Tirmizi berada pada tingkat ke-3 dalam hierarki Kutubus Sittah.

Tidak seperti kitab Hadits Imam Bukhari, atau yang ditulis Imam Muslim dan lainnya, kitab Sunan Tirmizi dapat dipahami oleh siapa saja, yang memahami bahasa Arab tentunya. Dalam menyeleksi Hadits untuk kitabnya itu, Imam Tirmizi bertolak pada dasar apakah Hadits itu dipakai oleh fuqaha (ahli fikih) sebagai hujjah (dalil) atau tidak. Sebaliknya, Tirmizi tidak menyaring Hadits dari aspek Hadits itu dhaif atau tidak. Itu sebabnya, ia selalu memberikan uraian tentang nilai Hadits, bahkan uraian perbandingan dan kesimpulannya.

Diriwayatkan, bahwa ia pernah berkata: "Semua Hadits yang terdapat dalam kitab ini adalah dapat diamalkan." Oleh karena itu, sebagian besar ahli ilmu menggunakannya (sebagai pegangan), kecuali dua Hadits, yaitu: Pertama, yang artinya: "Sesungguhnya Rasulullah SAW menjamak shalat Dhuhur dengan Ashar, dan Maghrib dengan Isya, tanpa adanya sebab takut dan dalam perjalanan.'' Juga Hadits, "Jika ia peminum khamar, minum lagi pada yang keempat kalinya, maka bunuhlah dia." Hadits mengenai hukuman untuk peminum khamar ini adalah mansukh (terhapus) dan ijma' ulama pun menunjukkan demikian. Sedangkan mengenai shalat jamak, para ulama berbeda pendapat atau tidak sepakat untuk meninggalkannya. Sebagian besar ulama berpendapat boleh hukumnya melakukan shalat jamak di rumah selama tidak dijadikan kebiasaan. Pendapat ini adalah pendapat Ibn Sirin dan Asyab serta sebagian besar ahli fiqh dan ahli Hadits juga Ibn Munzir.

Beberapa keistimewaan Kitab Jami' atau Sunan Tirmizi adalah, pencantuman riwayat dari sahabat lain mengenai masalah yang dibahas dalam Hadits pokok (Hadits al Bab), baik isinya yang semakna maupun yang berbeda, bahkan yang bertentangan sama sekali secara langsung maupun tidak langsung.

Selain itu, keistimewaan yang langsung kaitannya dengan ulum al Hadits (ilmu-ilmu Hadits) adalah masalah ta'lil Hadits. Hadits-hadits yang dimuat disebutkan nilainya dengan jelas, bahkan nilai rawinya yang dianggap penting. Kitab ini dinilai positif karena dapat digunakan untuk penerapan praktis kaidah-kaidah ilmu Hadits, khususnya ta'lil Hadits tersebut.


Words of Wisdom :

A man came to al-Hasan (al-Basree) and said:

((I wish to debate with you about the Religion)).

al-Hasan replied:

((I know my Religion. If you have lost your Religion go out and look for it)).

Reported by al-Aajurree in ash-Sharee`ah (p. 57), al-Laalikaa'ee in as-Sunnah (no. 215) and Ibn Battah (no. 586) and it is saheeh


Read More! (Baca Lebih Lengkap)

Imam Muslim dilahirkan di Naisabur pada tahun 202 H atau 817 M. Imam Muslim bernama lengkap Imam Abul Husain Muslim bin al-Hajjaj bin Muslim bin Kausyaz al Qusyairi an Naisaburi. Naisabur, yang sekarang ini termasuk wilayah Rusia, dalam sejarah Islam kala itu termasuk dalam sebutan Maa Wara'a an Nahr, artinya daerah-daerah yang terletak di sekitar Sungai Jihun di Uzbekistan, Asia Tengah. Pada masa Dinasti Samanid, Naisabur menjadi pusat pemerintahan dan perdagangan selama lebih kurang 150 tahun. Seperti halnya Baghdad di abad pertengahan, Naisabur, juga Bukhara (kota kelahiran Imam Bukhari) sebagai salah satu kota ilmu dan pusat peradaban di kawasan Asia Tengah. Di sini pula bermukim banyak ulama besar.

Perhatian dan minat Imam Muslim terhadap ilmu hadits memang luar biasa. Sejak usia dini, beliau telah berkonsentrasi mempelajari hadits. Pada tahun 218 H, beliau mulai belajar hadits, ketika usianya kurang dari lima belas tahun. Beruntung, beliau dianugerahi kelebihan berupa ketajaman berfikir dan ingatan hafalan. Ketika berusia sepuluh tahun, Imam Muslim sering datang dan berguru pada seorang ahli hadits, yaitu Imam Ad Dakhili. Setahun kemudian, beliau mulai menghafal hadits Nabi SAW, dan mulai berani mengoreksi kesalahan dari gurunya yang salah menyebutkan periwayatan hadits.

Selain kepada Ad Dakhili, Imam Muslim pun tak segan-segan bertanya kepada banyak ulama di berbagai tempat dan negara. Berpetualang menjadi aktivitas rutin bagi dirinya untuk mencari silsilah dan urutan yang benar sebuah hadits. Beliau, misalnya pergi ke Hijaz, Irak, Syam, Mesir dan negara-negara lainnya. Dalam lawatannya itu, Imam Muslim banyak bertemu dan mengunjungi ulama-ulama kenamaan untuk berguru hadits kepada mereka. Di Khurasan, beliau berguru kepada Yahya bin Yahya dan Ishak bin Rahawaih; di Ray beliau berguru kepada Muhammad bin Mahran dan Abu 'Ansan. Di Irak beliau belajar hadits kepada Ahmad bin Hanbal dan Abdullah bin Maslamah; di Hijaz beliau belajar kepada Sa'id bin Mansur dan Abu Mas 'Abuzar; di Mesir beliau berguru kepada 'Amr bin Sawad dan Harmalah bin Yahya, dan ulama ahli hadits lainnya.

Bagi Imam Muslim, Baghdad memiliki arti tersendiri. Di kota inilah beliau berkali-kali berkunjung untuk belajar kepada ulama-ulama ahli hadits. Kunjungannya yang terakhir beliau lakukan pada tahun 259 H. Ketika Imam Bukhari datang ke Naisabur, Imam Muslim sering mendatanginya untuk bertukar pikiran sekaligus berguru padanya. Saat itu, Imam Bukhari yang memang lebih senior, lebih menguasai ilmu hadits ketimbang dirinya.

Ketika terjadi fitnah atau kesenjangan antara Bukhari dan Az Zihli, beliau bergabung kepada Bukhari. Sayang, hal ini kemudian menjadi sebab terputusnya hubungan dirinya dengan Imam Az Zihli. Yang lebih menyedihkan, hubungan tak baik itu merembet ke masalah ilmu, yakni dalam hal penghimpunan dan periwayatan hadits-hadits Nabi SAW.

Imam Muslim dalam kitab shahihnya maupun kitab-kitab lainnya tidak memasukkan hadits-hadits yang diterima dari Az Zihli, padahal beliau adalah gurunya. Hal serupa juga beliau lakukan terhadap Bukhari. Tampaknya bagi Imam Muslim tak ada pilihan lain kecuali tidak memasukkan ke dalam Kitab Shahihnya hadits-hadits yang diterima dari kedua gurunya itu. Kendatipun demikian, dirinya tetap mengakui mereka sebagai gurunya.

Imam Muslim yang dikenal sangat tawadhu' dan wara' dalam ilmu itu telah meriwayatkan puluhan ribu hadits. Menurut Muhammad Ajaj Al Khatib, guru besar hadits pada Universitas Damaskus, Syria, hadits yang tercantum dalam karya besar Imam Muslim, Shahih Muslim, berjumlah 3.030 hadits tanpa pengulangan. Bila dihitung dengan pengulangan, katanya, berjumlah sekitar 10.000 hadits. Sementara menurut Imam Al Khuli, ulama besar asal Mesir, hadits yang terdapat dalam karya Muslim tersebut berjumlah 4.000 hadits tanpa pengulangan, dan 7.275 dengan pengulangan. Jumlah hadits yang beliau tulis dalam Shahih Muslim itu diambil dan disaring dari sekitar 300.000 hadits yang beliau ketahui. Untuk menyaring hadits-hadits tersebut, Imam Muslim membutuhkan waktu 15 tahun.

Mengenai metode penyusunan hadits, Imam Muslim menerapkan prinsip-prinsip ilmu jarh, dan ta'dil, yakni suatu ilmu yang digunakan untuk menilai cacat tidaknya suatu hadits. Beliau juga menggunakan sighat at tahammul (metode-metode penerimaan riwayat), seperti haddasani (menyampaikan kepada saya), haddasana (menyampaikan kepada kami), akhbarana (mengabarkan kepada saya), akhabarana (mengabarkan kepada kami), dan qaalaa (ia berkata).

Imam Muslim menjadi orang kedua terbaik dalam masalah ilmu hadits (sanad, matan, kritik, dan seleksinya) setelah Imam Bukhari. "Di dunia ini orang yang benar-benar ahli di bidang hadits hanya empat orang; salah satu di antaranya adalah Imam Muslim," komentar ulama besar Abu Quraisy Al Hafizh. Maksud ungkapan itu tak lain adalah ahli-ahli hadits terkemuka yang hidup di masa Abu Quraisy.


Reputasinya mengikuti gurunya Imam Bukhari

Dalam khazanah ilmu-ilmu Islam, khususnya dalam bidang ilmu hadits, nama Imam Muslim begitu monumental, setara dengan gurunya, Abu Abdillah Muhammad bin Ismail al-Bukhary al-Ju’fy atau lebih dikenal dengan nama Imam Bukhari. Sejarah Islam sangat berhutang jasa kepadanya, karena prestasinya di bidang ilmu hadits, serta karya ilmiahnya yang luar biasa sebagai rujukan ajaran Islam, setelah al-Qur’an. Dua kitab hadits shahih karya Bukhari dan Muslim sangat berperan dalam standarisasi bagi akurasi akidah, syariah dan tasawwuf dalam dunia Islam.

Melalui karyanya yang sangat berharga, al-Musnad ash-Shahih, atau al-Jami’ ash-Shahih, selain menempati urutan kedua setelah Shahih Bukhari, kitab tersebut memenuhi khazanah pustaka dunia Islam, dan di Indonesia, khususnya di pesantren-pesantren menjadi kurikulum wajib bagi para santri dan mahasiswa.

Pengembaraan (rihlah) dalam pencarian hadits merupakan kekuatan tersendiri, dan amat penting bagi perkembangan intelektualnya. Dalam pengembaraan ini (tahun 220 H), Imam Muslim bertemu dengan guru-gurunya, dimana pertama kali bertemu dengan Qa’nabi dan yang lainnya, ketika menuju kota Makkah dalam rangka perjalanan haji. Perjalanan intelektual lebih serius, barangkali dilakukan tahun 230 H. Dari satu wilayah ke wilayah lainnya, misalnya menuju ke Irak, Syria, Hijaz dan Mesir.

Waktu yang cukup lama dihabiskan bersama gurunya al-Bukhari. Kepada guru besarnya ini, Imam Muslim menaruh hormat yang luar biasa. "Biarkan aku mencium kakimu, hai Imam Muhadditsin dan dokter hadits," pintanya, ketika di sebuah pertemuan antara Bukhari dan Muslim.

Disamping itu, Imam Muslim memang dikenal sebagai tokoh yang sangat ramah, sebagaimana al-Bukhari yang memiliki kehalusan budi bahasa, Imam Muslim juga memiliki reputasi, yang kemudian populer namanya — sebagaimana disebut oleh Adz-Dzahabi — dengan sebutan muhsin dari Naisabur.

Maslamah bin Qasim menegaskan, "Muslim adalah tsaqqat, agung derajatnya dan merupakan salah seorang pemuka (Imam)." Senada pula, ungkapan ahli hadits dan fuqaha’ besar, Imam An-Nawawi, "Para ulama sepakat atas kebesarannya, keimanan, ketinggian martabat, kecerdasan dan kepeloporannya dalam dunia hadits."


Kitab Shahih Muslim

Imam Muslim memiliki jumlah karya yang cukup penting dan banyak. Namun yang paling utama adalah karyanya, Shahih Muslim. Dibanding kitab-kitab hadits shahih lainnya, kitab Shahih Muslim memiliki karakteristik tersendiri, dimana Imam Muslim banyak memberikan perhatian pada ekstraksi yang resmi. Beliau bahkan tidak mencantumkan judul-judul setiap akhir dari satu pokok bahasan. Disamping itu, perhatiannya lebih diarahkan pada mutaba’at dan syawahid.

Walaupun dia memiliki nilai beda dalam metode penyusunan kitab hadits, Imam Muslim sekali-kali tidak bermaksud mengungkap fiqih hadits, namun mengemukakan ilmu-ilmu yang bersanad. Karena beliau meriwayatkan setiap hadits di tempat yang paling layak dengan menghimpun jalur-jalur sanadnya di tempat tersebut. Sementara al-Bukhari memotong-motong suatu hadits di beberapa tempat dan pada setiap tempat beliau sebutkan lagi sanadnya. Sebagai murid yang shalih, beliau sangat menghormati gurunya itu, sehingga beliau menghindari orang-orang yang berselisih pendapat dengan al-Bukhari.

Kitab Shahih Muslim memang dinilai kalangan muhaditsun berada setingkat di bawah al-Bukhari. Namun ada sejumlah ulama yang menilai bahwa kitab Imam Muslim lebih unggul ketimbang kitabnya al-Bukhari.

Sebenarnya kitab Shahih Muslim dipublikasikan untuk Abu Zur’ah, salah seorang kritikus hadits terbesar, yang biasanya memberikan sejumlah catatan mengenai cacatnya hadits. Lantas, Imam Muslim kemudian mengoreksi cacat tersebut dengan membuangnya tanpa argumentasi. Karena Imam Muslim tidak pernah mau membukukan hadits-hadits yang hanya berdasarkan kriteria pribadi semata, dan hanya meriwayatkan hadits yang diterima oleh kalangan ulama. Sehingga hadits-hadits Muslim terasa sangat populis.

Berdasarkan hitungan Muhammad Fuad Abdul Baqi, kitab Shahih Muslim memuat 3.033 hadits. Metode penghitungan ini tidak didasarkan pada sistem isnad sebagaimana dilakukan ahli hadits, namun beliau mendasarkannya pada subyek-subyek. Artinya jika didasarkan isnad, jumlahnya bisa berlipat ganda.


Antara al-Bukhari dan Muslim

Imam Muslim, sebagaimana dikatakan oleh Prof. Mustafa ‘Adzami dalam bukunya Studies in Hadith Methodology and Literature, mengambil keuntungan dari Shahih Bukhari, kemudian menyusun karyanya sendiri, yang tentu saja secara metodologis dipengaruhi karya al-Bukhari.

Antara al-Bukhari dan Muslim, dalam dunia hadits memiliki kesetaraan dalam keshahihan hadits, walaupun hadits al-Bukhari dinilai memiliki keunggulan setingkat. Namun, kedua kitab hadits tersebut mendapatkan gelar sebagai as-Shahihain.

Sebenarnya para ulama berbeda pendapat mana yang lebih unggul antara Shahih Muslim dengan Shahih Bukhari. Jumhur Muhadditsun berpendapat, Shahihul Bukhari lebih unggul, sedangkan sejumlah ulama Marokko dan yang lain lebih mengunggulkan Shahih Muslim. Hal ini menunjukkan, sebenarnya perbedaannya sangatlah sedikit, dan walaupun itu terjadi, hanyalah pada sistematika penulisannya saja, serta perbandingan antara tema dan isinya.

Al-Hafizh Ibnu Hajar mengulas kelebihan Shahih Bukhari atas Shahih Muslim, antara lain, karena Al-Bukhari mensyaratkan kepastian bertemunya dua perawi yang secara struktural sebagai guru dan murid dalam hadits Mu’an’an; agar dapat dihukumi bahwa sanadnya bersambung. Sementara Muslim menganggap cukup dengan "kemungkinan" bertemunya kedua rawi tersebut dengan tidak adanya tadlis.

Al-Bukhari mentakhrij hadits yang diterima para perawi tsaqqat derajat utama dari segi hafalan dan keteguhannya. Walaupun juga mengeluarkan hadits dari rawi derajat berikutnya dengan sangat selektif. Sementara Muslim, lebih banyak pada rawi derajat kedua dibanding Bukhari. Disamping itu kritik yang ditujukan kepada perawi jalur Muslim lebih banyak dibanding kepada al-Bukhari.

Sementara pendapat yang berpihak pada keunggulan Shahih Muslim beralasan — sebagaimana dijelaskan Ibnu Hajar —, bahwa Muslim lebih berhati-hati dalam menyusun kata-kata dan redaksinya, karena menyusunnya di negeri sendiri dengan berbagai sumber di masa kehidupan guru-gurunya. Beliau juga tidak membuat kesimpulan dengan memberi judul bab sebagaimana Bukhari lakukan. Dan sejumlah alasan lainnya.

Namun prinsipnya, tidak semua hadits Bukhari lebih shahih ketimbang hadits Muslim dan sebaliknya. Hanya pada umumnya keshahihan hadits riwayat Bukhari itu lebih tinggi derajatnya daripada keshahihan hadits dalam Shahih Muslim.


Karya-karya Imam Muslim

Imam Muslim berhasil menghimpun karya-karyanya, antara lain seperti:
1) Al-Asma’ wal-Kuna.
2) Irfadus Syamiyyin.
3) Al-Arqaam.
4) Al-Intifa bi Juludis Siba’.
5) Auhamul Muhadditsin.
7)At-Tarikh.
8) At-Tamyiz.
9) Al-Jami’.
10) Hadits Amr bin Syu’aib.
11) Rijalul ‘Urwah.
12)Sawalatuh Ahmad bin Hanbal.
13) Thabaqat, 14) Al-I’lal.
15) Al-Mukhadhramin.
16) Al-Musnad al-Kabir.
17) Masyayikh ats-Tsawri.
18) Masyayikh Syu’bah.
19) Masyayikh Malik.
20) Al-Wuhdan.
21) As-Shahih al-Masnad.

Kitab-kitab nomor 6, 20, dan 21 telah dicetak, sementara nomor 1, 11, dan 13 masih dalam bentuk manuskrip. Sedangkan karyanya yang monumental adalah Shahih dari judul singkatnya, yang sebenarnya berjudul, Al-Musnad as-Shahih, al-Mukhtashar minas Sunan, bin-Naqli al-’Adl ‘anil ‘Adl ‘an Rasulillah.


Wafatnya Imam Muslim

Imam Muslim wafat pada Ahad sore, pada tanggal 24 Rajab 261 H. Semoga Allah SWT merahmatinya, mengampuni segala kesalahannya, serta menggolongkannya ke dalam golongan orang-orang yang sholeh. Amiin.



Words of Wisdom :

On the authority of Abee Hamzah ath-Thumaalee who said: 'Alee ibn al-Husayn used to carry a sack of bread on his back during the night and used to distriibute it in charity. And he used to say:

((Indeed, charity done in secret will prevent the anger of the Lord, the Mighty and Majestic)).

Siffatus-Safwah - Volume 2, Page 96

Read More! (Baca Lebih Lengkap)