TAUHID : Islamic Monotheism
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By :
Dr. M. Taqi-ud-Din al-Hilali, Ph.D.
Dr. Muhammad Muhsin Khan
Islamic University, Al-Madinah Al-Munawwara
Tauhîd (Islamic Monotheism) has three aspects:
(A) Oneness of the Lordship of Allah; Tauhîd-ar-Rubûbiya: To believe that there is only one Lord for all the universe, its Creator, Organizer, Planner, Sustainer, and the Giver of security, etc., and that is Allah.
(B) Oneness of the worship of Allah; Tauhîd-al-Ulûhiya: To believe that none has the right to be worshipped [e.g. praying, invoking, asking for help (from the unseen), swearing, slaughtering sacrifices, giving charity, fasting, pilgrimage, etc.] but Allah.
(C) Oneness of the Names and the Qualities of Allah: Tauhîd-al-Asmâ was-Sifât: To believe that:
(i) We must not name or qualify Allah except with what He or His Messenger SAW has named or qualified Him;
(ii) None can be named or qualified with the Names or Qualifications of Allah; e.g. Al-Karîm;
(iii) We must confirm all of Allah's Qualifications which Allah has stated in His Book (the Qur'ân) or mentioned through His Messenger (Muhammad SAW ) without changing them or ignoring them completely or twisting the meanings or giving resemblance to any of the created things [e.g. Allah is present over His Throne as mentioned in the Qur'ân (V. 20:5):-
"The Most Beneficent (Allah) Istawa (rose over) the (Mighty) Throne," over the seventh heaven; and He only comes down over the first (nearest) heaven to us on the day of 'Arafât (Hajj, i.e. the 9th of Dhul-Hijja), and also during the last third part of the night as mentioned by the Prophet SAW , but He is with us by His Knowledge only, not by His Personal-Self (Bi-Dhâtihi).
Also Allah said:
"There is nothing like unto Him and He is the All-Hearer, the All-Seer" (V.42:11).
This holy Verse confirms the quality of hearing and the quality of sight for Allah without resemblance to others, and likewise He SWT also said:
"To one whom I have created with Both My Hands," (V.38:75);
and He also said:
"The Hand of Allah is over their hands." (V.48:10).
This confirms two Hands for Allah, but there is no similarity for them. This is the Faith of all true believers, and was the Faith of all the Prophets of Allah, from Nûh (Noah), Ibrâhim (Abraham), Mûsa (Moses) and 'Iesa (Christ) till the last of the Prophets, Muhammad SAW. [It is not like as some people think that Allah is present everywhere - here, there and even inside the breasts of men].
These three aspects of Tauhîd are included in the meaning of Lâ ilâha ill-Allâh (none has the right to be worshipped but Allah).
It is also essential to follow Allah's Messenger, Muhammad SAW : Wajûb al-Ittebâ' and it is a part of Tauhîd-al-Ulûhiya.
This is included in the meaning, "I testify that Muhammad SAW is Allah's Messenger," and this means, "None has the right to be followed after Allah's Book (the Qur'ân), but Allah's Messenger SAW".
Allah said:
"And whatsoever the Messenger (Muhammad SAW ) gives you, take it, and whatsoever he forbids you, abstain (from it)." (V.59:7)
And also Allah said:
"Say (O Muhammad SAW to mankind), 'If you (really) love Allah then follow me [i.e. accept Islâmic Monotheism, follow the Qur'ân and the Sunnah (legal ways of the Prophet SAW)], Allah will love you and forgive you of your sins.' " (V.3:31)
Dr. M. Taqi-ud-Din al-Hilali, Ph.D.
Dr. Muhammad Muhsin Khan
Islamic University, Al-Madinah Al-Munawwara
Tauhîd (Islamic Monotheism) has three aspects:
(A) Oneness of the Lordship of Allah; Tauhîd-ar-Rubûbiya: To believe that there is only one Lord for all the universe, its Creator, Organizer, Planner, Sustainer, and the Giver of security, etc., and that is Allah.
(B) Oneness of the worship of Allah; Tauhîd-al-Ulûhiya: To believe that none has the right to be worshipped [e.g. praying, invoking, asking for help (from the unseen), swearing, slaughtering sacrifices, giving charity, fasting, pilgrimage, etc.] but Allah.
(C) Oneness of the Names and the Qualities of Allah: Tauhîd-al-Asmâ was-Sifât: To believe that:
(i) We must not name or qualify Allah except with what He or His Messenger SAW has named or qualified Him;
(ii) None can be named or qualified with the Names or Qualifications of Allah; e.g. Al-Karîm;
(iii) We must confirm all of Allah's Qualifications which Allah has stated in His Book (the Qur'ân) or mentioned through His Messenger (Muhammad SAW ) without changing them or ignoring them completely or twisting the meanings or giving resemblance to any of the created things [e.g. Allah is present over His Throne as mentioned in the Qur'ân (V. 20:5):-
"The Most Beneficent (Allah) Istawa (rose over) the (Mighty) Throne," over the seventh heaven; and He only comes down over the first (nearest) heaven to us on the day of 'Arafât (Hajj, i.e. the 9th of Dhul-Hijja), and also during the last third part of the night as mentioned by the Prophet SAW , but He is with us by His Knowledge only, not by His Personal-Self (Bi-Dhâtihi).
Also Allah said:
"There is nothing like unto Him and He is the All-Hearer, the All-Seer" (V.42:11).
This holy Verse confirms the quality of hearing and the quality of sight for Allah without resemblance to others, and likewise He SWT also said:
"To one whom I have created with Both My Hands," (V.38:75);
and He also said:
"The Hand of Allah is over their hands." (V.48:10).
This confirms two Hands for Allah, but there is no similarity for them. This is the Faith of all true believers, and was the Faith of all the Prophets of Allah, from Nûh (Noah), Ibrâhim (Abraham), Mûsa (Moses) and 'Iesa (Christ) till the last of the Prophets, Muhammad SAW. [It is not like as some people think that Allah is present everywhere - here, there and even inside the breasts of men].
These three aspects of Tauhîd are included in the meaning of Lâ ilâha ill-Allâh (none has the right to be worshipped but Allah).
It is also essential to follow Allah's Messenger, Muhammad SAW : Wajûb al-Ittebâ' and it is a part of Tauhîd-al-Ulûhiya.
This is included in the meaning, "I testify that Muhammad SAW is Allah's Messenger," and this means, "None has the right to be followed after Allah's Book (the Qur'ân), but Allah's Messenger SAW".
Allah said:
"And whatsoever the Messenger (Muhammad SAW ) gives you, take it, and whatsoever he forbids you, abstain (from it)." (V.59:7)
And also Allah said:
"Say (O Muhammad SAW to mankind), 'If you (really) love Allah then follow me [i.e. accept Islâmic Monotheism, follow the Qur'ân and the Sunnah (legal ways of the Prophet SAW)], Allah will love you and forgive you of your sins.' " (V.3:31)
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